{"id":117706,"date":"2023-05-01T19:44:26","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T02:44:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/when-was-silk-invented-in-ancient-china\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T10:45:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:45:43","slug":"when-was-silk-invented-in-ancient-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/when-was-silk-invented-in-ancient-china\/","title":{"rendered":"Odhalen\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed: Kdy se v \u010c\u00edn\u011b zrodil hedv\u00e1b\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, l\u00e1tka kr\u00e1l\u016f a c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f, je neodmysliteln\u011b spjato s histori\u00ed a kulturou starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny. Jeho objev a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovlivnily nejen \u010d\u00ednskou spole\u010dnost, ale i d\u011bjiny obchodu a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f. P\u0159esn\u00fd okam\u017eik vyn\u00e1lezu hedv\u00e1b\u00ed se ztr\u00e1c\u00ed v mlh\u00e1ch d\u00e1vnov\u011bku, av\u0161ak archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy a historick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zrekonstruovat tuto fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed kapitolu lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin.<\/p>\n

Legenda o Leizu a po\u010d\u00e1tky serikultury<\/h3>\n

Podle legendy objevila hedv\u00e1b\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159ovna Leizu, man\u017eelka \u017dlut\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e Chuang-ti, kolem roku 2700 p\u0159. n. l. P\u0159i pit\u00ed \u010daje pod moru\u0161ovn\u00edkem j\u00ed do \u0161\u00e1lku spadl kokon bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho. Kdy\u017e se ho pokusila vylovit, za\u010dalo se z kokonu odv\u00edjet jemn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno. Leizu si uv\u011bdomila jeho potenci\u00e1l a nau\u010dila se vl\u00e1kna sp\u0159\u00e1dat a tk\u00e1t. A\u010dkoliv je tato legenda pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b smy\u0161len\u00e1, ilustruje d\u016fle\u017eitost bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho a moru\u0161e b\u00edl\u00e9 pro v\u00fdrobu hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy a neolitick\u00e1 \u00e9ra<\/h3>\n

Archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy posouvaj\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1tky serikultury, tedy chovu bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho a v\u00fdroby hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1le do minulosti. Fragmenty hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 tkaniny objeven\u00e9 v provincii Henan nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee se hedv\u00e1b\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvalo ji\u017e v obdob\u00ed neolitu, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v kultur\u00e1ch Jang-\u0161ao a Lung-\u0161an, tedy zhruba mezi 5. a 3. tis\u00edcilet\u00edm p\u0159. n. l.<\/p>\n

Rozvoj serikultury za dynastie \u0160ang a \u010cou<\/h3>\n

Za dynastie \u0160ang (16. a\u017e 11. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l.) a \u010cou (11. stolet\u00ed a\u017e 256 p\u0159. n. l.) se serikultura postupn\u011b rozv\u00edjela a zdokonalovala. Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed se stalo symbolem bohatstv\u00ed a moci, vyhrazen\u00fdm pro c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd dv\u016fr a \u0161lechtu. Techniky zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed se staly pe\u010dliv\u011b st\u0159e\u017een\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 stezka a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed obchod<\/h3>\n

S rozvojem obchodu se hedv\u00e1b\u00ed postupn\u011b dost\u00e1valo i mimo \u00fazem\u00ed \u010c\u00edny. Vznikla slavn\u00e1 Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 stezka, s\u00ed\u0165 obchodn\u00edch cest spojuj\u00edc\u00edch V\u00fdchod a Z\u00e1pad. Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed se stalo jedn\u00edm z nej\u017e\u00e1dan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch artikl\u016f, a jeho obchod v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnil ekonomick\u00fd a kulturn\u00ed rozvoj mnoha civilizac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Obdob\u00ed<\/th>\nP\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9 datum<\/th>\nV\u00fdznam<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Neolit<\/td>\n5000 \u2013 3000 p\u0159. n. l.<\/td>\nPrvn\u00ed n\u00e1lezy hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dynastie \u0160ang<\/td>\n1600 \u2013 1046 p\u0159. n. l.<\/td>\nRozvoj serikultury<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dynastie \u010cou<\/td>\n1046 \u2013 256 p\u0159. n. l.<\/td>\nHedv\u00e1b\u00ed jako symbol statusu a moci<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

P\u0159esn\u00e1 datace vyn\u00e1lezu hedv\u00e1b\u00ed v \u010c\u00edn\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 i nad\u00e1le p\u0159edm\u011btem b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. A\u010dkoliv legenda o Leizu zpopularizovala p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o objevu hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee se s hedv\u00e1b\u00edm pracovalo ji\u017e mnohem d\u0159\u00edve. Jist\u00e9 je, \u017ee hedv\u00e1b\u00ed sehr\u00e1lo kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch \u010c\u00edny a jeho vliv na sv\u011btovou kulturu a obchod je nesporn\u00fd. Od neolitick\u00fdch fragment\u016f po luxusn\u00ed r\u00f3by c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f a obchodn\u00ed stezky t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d kontinenty \u2013 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm sv\u011bdectv\u00edm lidsk\u00e9 ingenuity a touhy po kr\u00e1se a luxusu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, l\u00e1tka kr\u00e1l\u016f a c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f, je neodmysliteln\u011b spjato s histori\u00ed a kulturou starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny. Jeho objev a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovlivnily nejen \u010d\u00ednskou spole\u010dnost, ale i d\u011bjiny obchodu a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f. P\u0159esn\u00fd okam\u017eik vyn\u00e1lezu hedv\u00e1b\u00ed se ztr\u00e1c\u00ed v mlh\u00e1ch d\u00e1vnov\u011bku, av\u0161ak archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy a historick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zrekonstruovat tuto fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed kapitolu lidsk\u00fdch<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":84298,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37823],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-117706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faqs-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=117706"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117706\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84298"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=117706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=117706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=117706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}