{"id":117866,"date":"2023-04-29T11:40:38","date_gmt":"2023-04-29T18:40:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/how-is-silk-obtained-from-silkworm\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T10:34:54","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:34:54","slug":"how-is-silk-obtained-from-silkworm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/how-is-silk-obtained-from-silkworm\/","title":{"rendered":"Od hedv\u00e1bn\u00edka k hedv\u00e1b\u00ed: Cesta vl\u00e1kna"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, luxusn\u00ed a leskl\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd zdob\u00ed od\u011bvy i interi\u00e9ry po stalet\u00ed, je produktem fascinuj\u00edc\u00edho tvora \u2013 bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho. Proces z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed z kokon\u016f tohoto nen\u00e1padn\u00e9ho hmyzu je komplexn\u00ed a vy\u017eaduje trp\u011blivost a pe\u010dlivost. <\/p>\n<h3>\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho<\/h3>\n<p>Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho (Bombyx mori) pat\u0159\u00ed mezi mot\u00fdly. Jeho \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro produkci hedv\u00e1b\u00ed a zahrnuje \u010dty\u0159i f\u00e1ze: vaj\u00ed\u010dko, larva (housenka), kukla a dosp\u011bl\u00fd mot\u00fdl.  Housenka se \u017eiv\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b listy moru\u0161e b\u00edl\u00e9 a proch\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolika svl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00edmi, ne\u017e se zakukl\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Tvorba kokonu<\/h3>\n<p>Po dosa\u017een\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 velikosti za\u010dne housenka produkovat hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno ze snovac\u00edch \u017el\u00e1z. Toto vl\u00e1kno je tvo\u0159eno b\u00edlkovinami fibroinem a sericinem. Housenka se obal\u00ed t\u00edmto vl\u00e1knem a vytvo\u0159\u00ed si ochrann\u00fd kokon, uvnit\u0159 kter\u00e9ho se prom\u011bn\u00ed v kuklu.  Cel\u00fd proces trv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Sklize\u0148 kokon\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Kokony se skl\u00edzej\u00ed, ne\u017e se z kukly vyl\u00edhne mot\u00fdl.  Vyl\u00edhnut\u00edm by se toti\u017e naru\u0161ila celistvost vl\u00e1kna. Sklize\u0148 prob\u00edh\u00e1 ru\u010dn\u011b a vy\u017eaduje opatrnost, aby se kokony nepo\u0161kodily.<\/p>\n<h3>Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kokon\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00edskan\u00e9 kokony se n\u00e1sledn\u011b zah\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed, nej\u010dast\u011bji v hork\u00e9 vod\u011b nebo p\u00e1\u0159e.  T\u00edm se usmrt\u00ed kukla uvnit\u0159 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se rozpust\u00ed sericin, lepidlo, kter\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00ed vl\u00e1kna pohromad\u011b.  N\u00e1sledn\u011b se vl\u00e1kna z n\u011bkolika kokon\u016f odmot\u00e1vaj\u00ed a sp\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed do hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 nit\u011b. D\u00e9lka vl\u00e1kna z jednoho kokonu m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat a\u017e 1 kilometr.<\/p>\n<h3>Druhy hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik druh\u016f hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na zp\u016fsobu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a kvalit\u011b vl\u00e1ken.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Druh hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>Charakteristika<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Mulb\u00e9rie<\/td>\n<td>Nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed druh, z\u00edsk\u00e1van\u00fd z bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho krmen\u00e9ho listy moru\u0161e b\u00edl\u00e9. Vyzna\u010duje se vysokou kvalitou a leskem.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tussah<\/td>\n<td>Z\u00edsk\u00e1van\u00fd z divoce \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch bourc\u016f. Vl\u00e1kno je hrub\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b leskl\u00e9.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Eri<\/td>\n<td>Z\u00edsk\u00e1van\u00fd z kokon\u016f, ze kter\u00fdch se nech\u00e1 mot\u00fdl vyl\u00edhnout. Vl\u00e1kno je krat\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b leskl\u00e9.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly produkt\u016f, od luxusn\u00edho oble\u010den\u00ed a dopl\u0148k\u016f a\u017e po bytov\u00fd textil a um\u011bleck\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty. Jeho unik\u00e1tn\u00ed vlastnosti, jako je lesk, jemnost a prody\u0161nost, z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed cen\u011bn\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed z bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho je slo\u017eit\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje znalosti a zku\u0161enosti.  Od chovu bourc\u016f a p\u00e9\u010de o moru\u0161ovn\u00edky a\u017e po zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kokon\u016f a sp\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 nit\u011b \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00fd krok hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v kone\u010dn\u00e9 kvalit\u011b hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.  D\u00edky tomuto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edmu procesu se m\u016f\u017eeme t\u011b\u0161it z kr\u00e1sy a luxusu, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m tento p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed materi\u00e1l nab\u00edz\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, luxusn\u00ed a leskl\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd zdob\u00ed od\u011bvy i interi\u00e9ry po stalet\u00ed, je produktem fascinuj\u00edc\u00edho tvora \u2013 bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho. Proces z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed z kokon\u016f tohoto nen\u00e1padn\u00e9ho hmyzu je komplexn\u00ed a vy\u017eaduje trp\u011blivost a pe\u010dlivost. \u017divotn\u00ed cyklus bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho (Bombyx mori) pat\u0159\u00ed mezi mot\u00fdly. Jeho \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro produkci hedv\u00e1b\u00ed a zahrnuje<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89672,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37831],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-117866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117866","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=117866"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117866\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=117866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=117866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=117866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}