{"id":118050,"date":"2023-04-27T02:02:45","date_gmt":"2023-04-27T09:02:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/how-to-obtain-silk-from-silkworm\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T10:37:52","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:37:52","slug":"how-to-obtain-silk-from-silkworm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/how-to-obtain-silk-from-silkworm\/","title":{"rendered":"Od housenky k hedv\u00e1b\u00ed: Z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, luxusn\u00ed materi\u00e1l s dlouhou histori\u00ed, je produktem drobn\u00e9ho, ale neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b piln\u00e9ho tvora \u2013 bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho. Proces z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed z kokon\u016f bource je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed a zahrnuje n\u011bkolik kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch krok\u016f. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se detailn\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1me na to, jak se hedv\u00e1b\u00ed od bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1, od chovu housenek a\u017e po fin\u00e1ln\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1ken.<\/p>\n<h3>Chov bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho<\/h3>\n<p>Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9 (Bombyx mori) jsou domestikovan\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou zcela z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na p\u00e9\u010di \u010dlov\u011bka.  Chov za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 s vaj\u00ed\u010dky, kter\u00e1 se uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed v chladn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se inkubuj\u00ed p\u0159i teplot\u011b okolo 25\u00b0C. Z vaj\u00ed\u010dek se l\u00edhnou larvy, kter\u00e9 se \u017eiv\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b listy moru\u0161e b\u00edl\u00e9.  Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kvalitn\u00ed produkce hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 zajistit housenk\u00e1m st\u00e1l\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun \u010derstv\u00fdch list\u016f a udr\u017eovat \u010dist\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Tvorba kokonu<\/h3>\n<p>Po zhruba m\u011bs\u00edci intenzivn\u00edho krmen\u00ed se larva za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 kuklit.  Vylu\u010duje tekutinu, kter\u00e1 na vzduchu tuhne a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vl\u00e1kno.  Larva se obal\u00ed t\u00edmto vl\u00e1knem a vytvo\u0159\u00ed si ochrann\u00fd kokon.  Cel\u00fd proces trv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed.  Kokon je tvo\u0159en jedn\u00edm nep\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fdm vl\u00e1knem, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dlouh\u00e9 a\u017e 900 metr\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Sklize\u0148 kokon\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Sklize\u0148 kokon\u016f prob\u00edh\u00e1 zhruba t\u00fdden po jejich dokon\u010den\u00ed, ne\u017e se z nich stihne vyl\u00edhnout mot\u00fdl.  Kokony se sb\u00edraj\u00ed ru\u010dn\u011b a t\u0159\u00edd\u00ed se podle velikosti a kvality.<\/p>\n<h3>Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kokon\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00edskan\u00e9 kokony se mus\u00ed zpracovat, aby se z nich z\u00edskalo hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno.  Nejd\u0159\u00edve se kokony zah\u0159ej\u00ed, aby se usmrtily kukly uvnit\u0159.  N\u00e1sledn\u011b se kokony pono\u0159\u00ed do hork\u00e9 vody, aby se rozpustilo lepidlo, kter\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00ed vl\u00e1kna pohromad\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>Nav\u00edjen\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Zm\u011bk\u010den\u00e9 kokony se opatrn\u011b rozmot\u00e1vaj\u00ed a vl\u00e1kna se nav\u00edjej\u00ed na c\u00edvky.  Z jednoho kokonu se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 velmi tenk\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno, proto se obvykle nav\u00edj\u00ed vl\u00e1kna z n\u011bkolika kokon\u016f najednou, aby se vytvo\u0159ila siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edze.<\/p>\n<h3>Dal\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Navinut\u00e1 hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edze se d\u00e1le zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1.  M\u016f\u017ee se barvit, tk\u00e1t do l\u00e1tek nebo pou\u017e\u00edt k v\u00fdrob\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch produkt\u016f.  Kvalita hedv\u00e1b\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mnoha faktorech, v\u010detn\u011b druhu bource, kvality krmen\u00ed a zp\u016fsobu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>F\u00e1ze<\/th>\n<th>Popis<\/th>\n<th>Doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Inkubace vaj\u00ed\u010dek<\/td>\n<td>L\u00edhnut\u00ed larev z vaj\u00ed\u010dek<\/td>\n<td>7-10 dn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Krmen\u00ed larev<\/td>\n<td>R\u016fst larev a konzumace list\u016f moru\u0161e<\/td>\n<td>4-6 t\u00fddn\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tvorba kokonu<\/td>\n<td>Larva se kukl\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kokon<\/td>\n<td>3-7 dn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sklize\u0148 kokon\u016f<\/td>\n<td>Sb\u011br kokon\u016f p\u0159ed vyl\u00edhnut\u00edm mot\u00fdla<\/td>\n<td>7 dn\u00ed po dokon\u010den\u00ed kokonu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kokon\u016f<\/td>\n<td>Zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed a namo\u010den\u00ed kokon\u016f<\/td>\n<td>1-2 hodiny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nav\u00edjen\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Rozmot\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a nav\u00edjen\u00ed vl\u00e1kna<\/td>\n<td>Li\u0161\u00ed se<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed z bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho je slo\u017eit\u00fd a \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje zna\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti a zku\u0161enosti.  V\u00fdsledkem je v\u0161ak luxusn\u00ed materi\u00e1l s unik\u00e1tn\u00edmi vlastnostmi, kter\u00fd si lid\u00e9 cen\u00ed ji\u017e po stalet\u00ed.  Od chovu bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho a\u017e po fin\u00e1ln\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna, ka\u017ed\u00fd krok hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v kone\u010dn\u00e9 kvalit\u011b a kr\u00e1se hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, luxusn\u00ed materi\u00e1l s dlouhou histori\u00ed, je produktem drobn\u00e9ho, ale neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b piln\u00e9ho tvora \u2013 bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho. Proces z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed z kokon\u016f bource je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed a zahrnuje n\u011bkolik kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch krok\u016f. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se detailn\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1me na to, jak se hedv\u00e1b\u00ed od bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1, od chovu housenek a\u017e po fin\u00e1ln\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1ken. Chov bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89725,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37831],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118050","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118050"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118050\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}