{"id":118146,"date":"2023-04-26T03:29:16","date_gmt":"2023-04-26T10:29:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/what-insect-makes-silk\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T10:44:36","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:44:36","slug":"what-insect-makes-silk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/what-insect-makes-silk\/","title":{"rendered":"Tajemstv\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed: Kter\u00fd hmyz ho vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, luxusn\u00ed a jemn\u00fd materi\u00e1l, fascinuje lidstvo po stalet\u00ed.  Ale kdo vlastn\u011b stoj\u00ed za jeho vznikem? Odpov\u011b\u010f je p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b jednoduch\u00e1, a p\u0159esto se za n\u00ed skr\u00fdv\u00e1 fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011bt hmyz\u00ed p\u00edle a d\u016fmyslnosti.<\/p>\n<h3>Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho: Mistr v produkci hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm producentem hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v textiln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu, je bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho (Bombyx mori).  Tento nen\u00e1padn\u00fd mot\u00fdl z \u010deledi bourcovit\u00fdch proch\u00e1z\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm \u017eivotn\u00edm cyklem, jeho\u017e kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je pr\u00e1v\u011b tvorba hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna.<\/p>\n<h3>\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus a produkce hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\u017divot bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho se to\u010d\u00ed kolem moru\u0161e, jej\u00ed\u017e listy jsou jeho jedinou potravou.  Od vaj\u00ed\u010dka, p\u0159es larvu a kuklu, a\u017e po dosp\u011bl\u00fd hmyz, je cel\u00fd cyklus \u00fazce spjat s produkc\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.  Housenka bource vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u017el\u00e1z\u00e1ch a sp\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 si z n\u011bj kokon, ve kter\u00e9m se zakukl\u00ed.  Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento kokon je zdrojem surov\u00e9ho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Proces z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed z kokon\u016f je delik\u00e1tn\u00ed proces. Kokony se zah\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed, aby se uvnit\u0159 usmrtila kukla a vl\u00e1kno se uvolnilo.  N\u00e1sledn\u011b se vl\u00e1kna odmot\u00e1vaj\u00ed a sp\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed do hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edze.  Jeden kokon m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout a\u017e 900 metr\u016f hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna.<\/p>\n<h3>Druhy hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed druhy hmyzu, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, a\u010dkoliv jejich produkce nen\u00ed tak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1.  Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Druh hmyzu<\/th>\n<th>Typ hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Bourec tasar<\/td>\n<td>Tasarov\u00e9 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Hrub\u0161\u00ed a tmav\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e moru\u0161ov\u00e9 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bourec eri<\/td>\n<td>Erio hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>M\u011bkk\u00e9 a tepl\u00e9, podobn\u00e9 vln\u011b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bourec muga<\/td>\n<td>Mugov\u00e9 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Zlatav\u00e9 a leskl\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed v textiln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu<\/h3>\n<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je cen\u011bn\u00e9 pro svou jemnost, lesk a pevnost.  Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se k v\u00fdrob\u011b luxusn\u00edho oble\u010den\u00ed, bytov\u00fdch textili\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch produkt\u016f. V sou\u010dasnosti existuje mnoho variant a \u00faprav hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed sv\u00fdmi vlastnostmi a vyu\u017eit\u00edm.<\/p>\n<h3>Vliv \u010dlov\u011bka na produkci hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Chov bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho a produkce hedv\u00e1b\u00ed jsou  v\u00fdsledkem dlouhodob\u00e9ho procesu domestikace a \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed.  \u010clov\u011bk  ovlivnil jak \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus bource, tak i vlastnosti produkovan\u00e9ho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho, mal\u00fd, ale neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b piln\u00fd tvor, n\u00e1m poskytuje jeden z nejluxusn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Jeho schopnost produkovat hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno je fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed inovace a d\u016fkazem propojen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka s p\u0159\u00edrodou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, luxusn\u00ed a jemn\u00fd materi\u00e1l, fascinuje lidstvo po stalet\u00ed. Ale kdo vlastn\u011b stoj\u00ed za jeho vznikem? Odpov\u011b\u010f je p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b jednoduch\u00e1, a p\u0159esto se za n\u00ed skr\u00fdv\u00e1 fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011bt hmyz\u00ed p\u00edle a d\u016fmyslnosti. Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho: Mistr v produkci hedv\u00e1b\u00ed Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm producentem hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v textiln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu, je bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho (Bombyx mori). Tento nen\u00e1padn\u00fd mot\u00fdl<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89725,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37831],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118146","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118146"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118146\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}