{"id":118282,"date":"2023-04-25T01:54:22","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T08:54:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/which-insect-makes-silk\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T10:46:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:46:03","slug":"which-insect-makes-silk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/which-insect-makes-silk\/","title":{"rendered":"Tajemstv\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed: Kter\u00fd hmyz ho tvo\u0159\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, luxusn\u00ed a leskl\u00fd materi\u00e1l, fascinuje lidstvo po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed.  Jeho jemnost a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pevnost jsou obdivuhodn\u00e9 a jen m\u00e1lokdo si uv\u011bdomuje, \u017ee za jeho vznikem stoj\u00ed drobn\u00fd hmyz.  Ale kter\u00fd hmyz p\u0159esn\u011b?  Poj\u010fme se pono\u0159it do fascinuj\u00edc\u00edho sv\u011bta tvorby hedv\u00e1b\u00ed a odhalit tajemstv\u00ed jeho p\u016fvodu.<\/p>\n<h3>Bource moru\u0161ov\u00fd: Hlavn\u00ed producent hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm producentem hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v textiln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu, je bource moru\u0161ov\u00fd (Bombyx mori).  Tento nen\u00e1padn\u00fd mot\u00fdl z \u010deledi bourcovit\u00fdch proch\u00e1z\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed prom\u011bnou od vaj\u00ed\u010dka p\u0159es larvu a kuklu a\u017e po dosp\u011blce.  Pr\u00e1v\u011b larva, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako housenka, je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za produkci hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna.<\/p>\n<h3>Proces tvorby hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Housenka bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho se \u017eiv\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b listy moru\u0161e b\u00edl\u00e9.  Po n\u011bkolika t\u00fddnech intenzivn\u00edho krmen\u00ed za\u010dne vytv\u00e1\u0159et kokon, ve kter\u00e9m se zakukl\u00ed.  Kokon je tvo\u0159en jedn\u00edm dlouh\u00fdm, nep\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fdm vl\u00e1knem hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, kter\u00e9 housenka produkuje ve slinn\u00fdch \u017el\u00e1z\u00e1ch.  Toto vl\u00e1kno je tvo\u0159eno b\u00edlkovinami fibroinem a sericinem.<\/p>\n<h3>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed kokon\u016f v textiln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu<\/h3>\n<p>Pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna se kokony sb\u00edraj\u00ed a zah\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed, aby se uvnit\u0159 kukl\u00edc\u00ed se mot\u00fdl usmrtil a vl\u00e1kno se nepo\u0161kodilo.  N\u00e1sledn\u011b se kokony nam\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed do hork\u00e9 vody, aby se rozpustil sericin a vl\u00e1kna se dala rozmotat.  Z jednoho kokonu lze z\u00edskat a\u017e 900 metr\u016f hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna.<\/p>\n<h3>Druhy hedv\u00e1b\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed producenti<\/h3>\n<p>A\u010dkoliv bource moru\u0161ov\u00fd je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm producentem hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, existuj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed druhy hmyzu, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna.  Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Druh hmyzu<\/th>\n<th>Typ hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>Vlastnosti<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Bource moru\u0161ov\u00fd (Bombyx mori)<\/td>\n<td>Kultivovan\u00e9 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Jemn\u00e9, leskl\u00e9, pevn\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bource tussah (Antheraea pernyi)<\/td>\n<td>Tussah hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Hrub\u0161\u00ed, m\u00e9n\u011b leskl\u00e9, odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bource eri (Samia cynthia ricini)<\/td>\n<td>Eri hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>M\u011bkk\u00e9, tepl\u00e9, matn\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>P\u00e9\u010de o hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky<\/h3>\n<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je luxusn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di.  V\u011bt\u0161inu hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f je doporu\u010deno pr\u00e1t ru\u010dn\u011b ve vla\u017en\u00e9 vod\u011b s jemn\u00fdm prac\u00edm prost\u0159edkem.  Su\u0161en\u00ed v su\u0161i\u010dce se nedoporu\u010duje, hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je nejlep\u0161\u00ed su\u0161it voln\u011b na vzduchu.<\/p>\n<p>Od larev bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho a\u017e po luxusn\u00ed od\u011bvy a dopl\u0148ky, cesta hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed.  Tento p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, vytvo\u0159en\u00fd drobn\u00fdm hmyzem, si pr\u00e1vem zaslou\u017e\u00ed obdiv a p\u00e9\u010di, kterou mu v\u011bnujeme.  A\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o \u0161\u00e1tek, kravatu nebo povle\u010den\u00ed, hedv\u00e1b\u00ed v\u017edy dod\u00e1 n\u00e1dech elegance a luxusu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, luxusn\u00ed a leskl\u00fd materi\u00e1l, fascinuje lidstvo po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. Jeho jemnost a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pevnost jsou obdivuhodn\u00e9 a jen m\u00e1lokdo si uv\u011bdomuje, \u017ee za jeho vznikem stoj\u00ed drobn\u00fd hmyz. Ale kter\u00fd hmyz p\u0159esn\u011b? Poj\u010fme se pono\u0159it do fascinuj\u00edc\u00edho sv\u011bta tvorby hedv\u00e1b\u00ed a odhalit tajemstv\u00ed jeho p\u016fvodu. Bource moru\u0161ov\u00fd: Hlavn\u00ed producent hedv\u00e1b\u00ed Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm producentem hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89672,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37831],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118282"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118282\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118282"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}