{"id":118362,"date":"2023-04-23T16:22:48","date_gmt":"2023-04-23T23:22:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/how-did-ancient-china-make-silk\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T10:34:37","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:34:37","slug":"how-did-ancient-china-make-silk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/how-did-ancient-china-make-silk\/","title":{"rendered":"Tajemstv\u00ed v\u00fdroby hedv\u00e1b\u00ed ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, l\u00e1tka kr\u00e1l\u016f a c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f, op\u0159edena tajemstv\u00edm a luxusem, fascinovala sv\u011bt po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. Starov\u011bk\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna, kol\u00e9bka t\u00e9to vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 textilie, pe\u010dliv\u011b st\u0159e\u017eila tajemstv\u00ed jej\u00ed v\u00fdroby po stalet\u00ed. Proces, od vaj\u00ed\u010dka bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho a\u017e po hotovou l\u00e1tku, byl slo\u017eit\u00fd a vyzna\u010doval se preciznost\u00ed a trp\u011blivost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Chov bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladem v\u00fdroby hedv\u00e1b\u00ed byl chov bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho (Bombyx mori).  Housenky se \u017eivily v\u00fdhradn\u011b listy moru\u0161e b\u00edl\u00e9, kter\u00e9 jim byly pravideln\u011b dod\u00e1v\u00e1ny.  Starov\u011bc\u00ed \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 v\u011bnovali velkou pozornost p\u00e9\u010di o housenky, aby zajistili jejich zdrav\u00ed a produkci kvalitn\u00edch kokon\u016f.  Teplota a vlhkost v m\u00edstnostech, kde se housenky chovaly, musely b\u00fdt pe\u010dliv\u011b regulov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Tvorba kokonu<\/h3>\n<p>Po zhruba m\u011bs\u00edci neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho krmen\u00ed se housenka za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 kuklit.  Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed si kokon z jednoho dlouh\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna surov\u00e9ho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se omot\u00e1v\u00e1 kolem jej\u00edho t\u011bla.  Tento proces trv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed a v\u00fdsledkem je ov\u00e1ln\u00fd kokon, jeho\u017e barva se m\u016f\u017ee pohybovat od b\u00edl\u00e9 a\u017e po na\u017eloutlou.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Sklize\u0148 kokon\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Jakmile jsou kokony hotov\u00e9, nast\u00e1v\u00e1 jejich sklize\u0148.  D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je sesb\u00edrat je p\u0159ed vyl\u00edhnut\u00edm mot\u00fdla, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo po\u0161kozen\u00ed vl\u00e1kna.  Kokony se pot\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u00ed podle velikosti a kvality.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Nam\u00e1\u010den\u00ed a odv\u00edjen\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>K uvoln\u011bn\u00ed hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna se kokony nam\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed v hork\u00e9 vod\u011b.  Toto zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed usmrt\u00ed kuklu uvnit\u0159 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zm\u011bk\u010duje sericin, lepidlo, kter\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00ed vl\u00e1kna pohromad\u011b.  Pot\u00e9 se vl\u00e1kna z n\u011bkolika kokon\u016f spoj\u00ed a odv\u00edjej\u00ed se na c\u00edvky.  Tento proces vy\u017eaduje zru\u010dnost a trp\u011blivost, aby se vl\u00e1kno nep\u0159etrhlo.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Barven\u00ed a tkan\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Surov\u00e9 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je p\u0159irozen\u011b b\u00edl\u00e9 nebo na\u017eloutl\u00e9.  Starov\u011bc\u00ed \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 v\u0161ak brzy objevili metody barven\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch barviv z rostlin a miner\u00e1l\u016f.  Barevn\u00e9 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed se pak tkalo na ru\u010dn\u00edch stavech do r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f l\u00e1tek, od jemn\u00e9ho \u0161if\u00f3nu a\u017e po t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed brok\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>F\u00e1ze v\u00fdroby<\/th>\n<th>Popis<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Chov bource<\/td>\n<td>Krmen\u00ed housenek listy moru\u0161e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tvorba kokonu<\/td>\n<td>Housenka se kukl\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kokon z hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sklize\u0148 kokon\u016f<\/td>\n<td>Sb\u011br kokon\u016f p\u0159ed vyl\u00edhnut\u00edm mot\u00fdla<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nam\u00e1\u010den\u00ed a odv\u00edjen\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Kokony se nam\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed v hork\u00e9 vod\u011b a vl\u00e1kno se odv\u00edj\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Barven\u00ed a tkan\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed se barv\u00ed a tk\u00e1 na ru\u010dn\u00edch stavech<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>V\u00fdroba hedv\u00e1b\u00ed v starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b byla komplexn\u00ed a \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1.  Vy\u017eadovala si hlubok\u00e9 znalosti o chovu bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kokon\u016f a tkan\u00ed.  Tajemstv\u00ed v\u00fdroby hedv\u00e1b\u00ed bylo st\u0159e\u017eeno s velkou \u00factou a p\u0159isp\u011blo k ekonomick\u00e9mu a kulturn\u00edmu rozkv\u011btu starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny.  Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed se stalo symbolem luxusu a moci a jeho v\u00fdroba ovlivnila d\u011bjiny a kulturu nejen \u010c\u00edny, ale i cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, l\u00e1tka kr\u00e1l\u016f a c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f, op\u0159edena tajemstv\u00edm a luxusem, fascinovala sv\u011bt po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. Starov\u011bk\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna, kol\u00e9bka t\u00e9to vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 textilie, pe\u010dliv\u011b st\u0159e\u017eila tajemstv\u00ed jej\u00ed v\u00fdroby po stalet\u00ed. Proces, od vaj\u00ed\u010dka bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho a\u017e po hotovou l\u00e1tku, byl slo\u017eit\u00fd a vyzna\u010doval se preciznost\u00ed a trp\u011blivost\u00ed. 1. Chov bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho Z\u00e1kladem v\u00fdroby hedv\u00e1b\u00ed byl chov bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho (Bombyx<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5838,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37823],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118362","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faqs-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118362","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118362"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118362\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5838"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118362"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118362"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118362"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}