{"id":118906,"date":"2023-04-17T06:51:07","date_gmt":"2023-04-17T13:51:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/why-do-silkworms-make-silk\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T10:46:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:46:20","slug":"why-do-silkworms-make-silk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/why-do-silkworms-make-silk\/","title":{"rendered":"Tajemstv\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed: Pro\u010d ho bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho tkaj\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, leskl\u00fd a pevn\u00fd materi\u00e1l, fascinuje lidstvo po stalet\u00ed. Jeho producentem je nen\u00e1padn\u00fd tvor \u2013 bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho (Bombyx mori). Ale pro\u010d vlastn\u011b tento mal\u00fd hmyz produkuje hedv\u00e1b\u00ed? D\u016fvod je p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b prost\u00fd a z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro jeho p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Ochrann\u00fd kokon<\/h3>\n<p>Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho produkuje hedv\u00e1b\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9ho kokonu.  Uvnit\u0159 tohoto kokonu se housenka transformuje do kukly, k\u0159ehk\u00e9ho st\u00e1dia mezi larvou a dosp\u011bl\u00fdm mot\u00fdlem. Kokon poskytuje bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro tuto metamorf\u00f3zu, chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed kuklu p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory, parazity a nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdmi vlivy po\u010das\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Slo\u017een\u00ed a vlastnosti hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno je tvo\u0159eno dv\u011bma proteiny, fibroinem a sericinem. Fibroin tvo\u0159\u00ed j\u00e1dro vl\u00e1kna a dod\u00e1v\u00e1 mu pevnost a pru\u017enost. Sericin obaluje fibroin a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed lepkavou vrstvu, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vl\u00e1kn\u016fm se slepit a vytvo\u0159it pevn\u00fd kokon.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Vlastnost<\/th>\n<th>Popis<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Pevnost<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1 pevnost v tahu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pru\u017enost<\/td>\n<td>Schopnost nata\u017een\u00ed a n\u00e1vratu do p\u016fvodn\u00edho tvaru<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lesk<\/td>\n<td>Charakteristick\u00fd lesk d\u00edky hladk\u00e9mu povrchu vl\u00e1kna<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Izolace<\/td>\n<td>Dobr\u00e1 tepeln\u00e1 izolace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Prody\u0161nost<\/td>\n<td>Umo\u017e\u0148uje cirkulaci vzduchu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Proces tvorby hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Housenka bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed ve specializovan\u00fdch \u017el\u00e1z\u00e1ch zvan\u00fdch snovac\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zy.  Tekut\u00e9 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je vytla\u010dov\u00e1no z otvoru na hlav\u011b housenky a p\u0159i kontaktu se vzduchem tuhne do vl\u00e1kna. Housenka pak sp\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna do kokonu, pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se hlavou v charakteristick\u00e9m vzoru osmi\u010dky.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdznam hedv\u00e1b\u00ed pro \u010dlov\u011bka<\/h3>\n<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed se stalo d\u016fle\u017eitou komoditou pro \u010dlov\u011bka ji\u017e p\u0159ed tis\u00edci lety.  Jeho unik\u00e1tn\u00ed vlastnosti, jako je pevnost, lesk a jemnost, z n\u011bj u\u010dinily vyhled\u00e1van\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro v\u00fdrobu od\u011bv\u016f, bytov\u00fdch textili\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch produkt\u016f.  Chov bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako serikultura, se stal d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm odv\u011btv\u00edm v mnoha zem\u00edch.<\/p>\n<h3>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed a modern\u00ed technologie<\/h3>\n<p>I v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b, kdy existuje mnoho syntetick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, si hedv\u00e1b\u00ed zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto.  V\u00fdzkum se zam\u011b\u0159uje na vyu\u017eit\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed v medic\u00edn\u011b, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro v\u00fdrobu chirurgick\u00fdch nit\u00ed nebo nosi\u010d\u016f l\u00e9\u010div.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze konstatovat, \u017ee bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho produkuje hedv\u00e1b\u00ed z d\u016fvodu p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Kokon poskytuje nezbytnou ochranu b\u011bhem zraniteln\u00e9ho st\u00e1dia kukly.  Pro \u010dlov\u011bka se v\u0161ak hedv\u00e1b\u00ed stalo cenn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem vyu\u017eit\u00ed, od tradi\u010dn\u00edch od\u011bv\u016f a\u017e po modern\u00ed medic\u00ednsk\u00e9 aplikace.  Tento fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed produkt je d\u016fkazem d\u016fmyslnosti p\u0159\u00edrody a jej\u00edho propojen\u00ed s lidskou civilizac\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, leskl\u00fd a pevn\u00fd materi\u00e1l, fascinuje lidstvo po stalet\u00ed. Jeho producentem je nen\u00e1padn\u00fd tvor \u2013 bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho (Bombyx mori). Ale pro\u010d vlastn\u011b tento mal\u00fd hmyz produkuje hedv\u00e1b\u00ed? D\u016fvod je p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b prost\u00fd a z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro jeho p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Ochrann\u00fd kokon Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho produkuje hedv\u00e1b\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9ho kokonu. Uvnit\u0159 tohoto kokonu se housenka transformuje do<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89672,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37831],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118906","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118906"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118906\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}