{"id":119202,"date":"2023-04-14T08:46:11","date_gmt":"2023-04-14T15:46:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/where-do-silkworms-originally-come-from\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T10:45:50","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:45:50","slug":"where-do-silkworms-originally-come-from","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/where-do-silkworms-originally-come-from\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u016fvod bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho: Odkud poch\u00e1z\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bourec moru\u0161ov\u00fd, nen\u00e1padn\u00fd mot\u00fdl, jeho\u017e larva produkuje cenn\u00e9 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, je s lidskou civilizac\u00ed spjat po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. Jeho p\u016fvod je v\u0161ak op\u0159eden tajemstv\u00edm, kter\u00e9 v\u011bdci postupn\u011b odhaluj\u00ed. P\u016fvodn\u011b divok\u00fd druh se b\u011bhem domestikace prom\u011bnil v \u017eivo\u010dicha zcela z\u00e1visl\u00e9ho na p\u00e9\u010di \u010dlov\u011bka. Ale kde se tento fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed hmyz vzal? Odpov\u011b\u010f n\u00e1s zavede na D\u00e1ln\u00fd v\u00fdchod.<\/p>\n

Divok\u00fd p\u0159edek a jeho are\u00e1l<\/h3>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed domovinou bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho je severn\u00ed \u010c\u00edna. Zde se dodnes vyskytuje jeho divok\u00fd p\u0159edek, bourec moru\u0161ov\u00fd divok\u00fd ( Bombyx mandarina<\/em> ). Tento druh ob\u00fdv\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 oblasti listnat\u00fdch les\u016f, kde se \u017eiv\u00ed listy moru\u0161e, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm moru\u0161e b\u00edl\u00e9 ( Morus alba<\/em> ).<\/p>\n

Domestikace a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Proces domestikace bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho zapo\u010dal v \u010c\u00edn\u011b p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 5000 lety. Postupn\u00fdm v\u00fdb\u011brem jedinc\u016f s po\u017eadovan\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, jako je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed produkce hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, b\u011blej\u0161\u00ed barva kokon\u016f a klidn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed povaha, vznikl bourec moru\u0161ov\u00fd domestikovan\u00fd ( Bombyx mori<\/em> ). Tento druh se od sv\u00e9ho divok\u00e9ho p\u0159edka v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed a je zcela z\u00e1visl\u00fd na lidsk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di.<\/p>\n

Genetick\u00e9 studie a potvrzen\u00ed p\u016fvodu<\/h3>\n

Modern\u00ed genetick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy potvrdily \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd p\u016fvod bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho. Studie mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA uk\u00e1zaly bl\u00edzkou p\u0159\u00edbuznost domestikovan\u00e9ho bource s divok\u00fdmi populacemi z \u010c\u00edny. Tyto v\u00fdzkumy tak\u00e9 pomohly objasnit migra\u010dn\u00ed cesty bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed hedv\u00e1bnictv\u00ed do dal\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed Asie a pozd\u011bji i do Evropy.<\/p>\n

Tabulka: Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho divok\u00e9ho a domestikovan\u00e9ho<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Vlastnost<\/th>\nBourec moru\u0161ov\u00fd divok\u00fd (Bombyx mandarina<\/em>)<\/th>\nBourec moru\u0161ov\u00fd domestikovan\u00fd (Bombyx mori<\/em>)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Velikost kokonu<\/td>\nMen\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\nV\u011bt\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Barva kokonu<\/td>\n\u017dlut\u00e1, hn\u011bd\u00e1<\/td>\nB\u00edl\u00e1, \u017elut\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Produkce hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/td>\nMen\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\nV\u011bt\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\nAktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, l\u00e9tav\u00fd<\/td>\nPasivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nel\u00e9tav\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z\u00e1vislost na \u010dlov\u011bku<\/td>\nNez\u00e1visl\u00fd<\/td>\nZcela z\u00e1visl\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Hedv\u00e1bnictv\u00ed a jeho vliv na \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<\/h3>\n

\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed hedv\u00e1bnictv\u00ed sehr\u00e1lo kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho. Po stalet\u00ed byla \u010c\u00edna jedin\u00fdm producentem hedv\u00e1b\u00ed a tajemstv\u00ed jeho v\u00fdroby bylo p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b st\u0159e\u017eeno. Postupn\u011b se v\u0161ak hedv\u00e1bnictv\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo do Koreje, Japonska, Indie a dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed. S hedv\u00e1bnictv\u00edm putoval i bourec moru\u0161ov\u00fd, jeho\u017e chov se stal d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed mnoha kultur.<\/p>\n

Dlouh\u00e1 cesta domestikace bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho z divok\u00e9ho hmyze na producenta cenn\u00e9ho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem lidsk\u00e9ho vlivu na p\u0159\u00edrodu. Jeho \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd p\u016fvod je nezpochybniteln\u00fd a modern\u00ed v\u011bda n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt historii a evoluci tohoto pozoruhodn\u00e9ho tvora.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bourec moru\u0161ov\u00fd, nen\u00e1padn\u00fd mot\u00fdl, jeho\u017e larva produkuje cenn\u00e9 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, je s lidskou civilizac\u00ed spjat po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. Jeho p\u016fvod je v\u0161ak op\u0159eden tajemstv\u00edm, kter\u00e9 v\u011bdci postupn\u011b odhaluj\u00ed. P\u016fvodn\u011b divok\u00fd druh se b\u011bhem domestikace prom\u011bnil v \u017eivo\u010dicha zcela z\u00e1visl\u00e9ho na p\u00e9\u010di \u010dlov\u011bka. Ale kde se tento fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed hmyz vzal? Odpov\u011b\u010f n\u00e1s zavede na D\u00e1ln\u00fd v\u00fdchod. Divok\u00fd p\u0159edek<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89471,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37831],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119202"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119202\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119202"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119202"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}