{"id":119346,"date":"2023-04-12T14:45:09","date_gmt":"2023-04-12T21:45:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/how-do-spiders-and-silkworms-make-silk\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T10:34:38","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:34:38","slug":"how-do-spiders-and-silkworms-make-silk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/how-do-spiders-and-silkworms-make-silk\/","title":{"rendered":"Pavou\u010d\u00ed a bourcemorav\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed: Z\u00e1zrak p\u0159\u00edrody"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pavouci a bource moru\u0161ov\u00ed, oba tvorov\u00e9 produkuj\u00edc\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, fascinuj\u00ed lidstvo po stalet\u00ed. A\u010dkoliv v\u00fdsledek jejich sna\u017een\u00ed \u2013 hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno \u2013 se zd\u00e1 podobn\u00fd, proces jeho vzniku se u obou druh\u016f zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. Poj\u010fme se bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edvat na to, jak tito \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed tento pozoruhodn\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

Produkce hedv\u00e1b\u00ed u pavouk\u016f<\/h3>\n

Pavouci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed k mnoha \u00fa\u010del\u016fm: stavba s\u00edt\u00ed pro lov ko\u0159isti, tvorba kokon\u016f pro vaj\u00ed\u010dka, balen\u00ed potravy, a dokonce i pro "l\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed" na v\u011btru. Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed vznik\u00e1 v snovac\u00edch \u017el\u00e1z\u00e1ch um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch v zade\u010dku pavouka. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u017el\u00e1za produkuje jin\u00fd typ hedv\u00e1b\u00ed s odli\u0161n\u00fdmi vlastnostmi \u2013 n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou pevn\u00e9 a pru\u017en\u00e9, jin\u00e9 lepiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Typy pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/th>\nVlastnosti<\/th>\nPou\u017eit\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Dragline<\/td>\nPevn\u00e9 a pru\u017en\u00e9<\/td>\nStavba r\u00e1mu s\u00edt\u011b, z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 lano<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Capture spiral<\/td>\nLepiv\u00e9<\/td>\nZachycen\u00ed ko\u0159isti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swathing silk<\/td>\nM\u011bkk\u00e9 a pru\u017en\u00e9<\/td>\nBalen\u00ed ko\u0159isti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Egg sac silk<\/td>\nOchrann\u00e9<\/td>\nTvorba kokon\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Proces tvorby pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Tekut\u00e9 proteiny jsou syntetizov\u00e1ny v snovac\u00edch \u017el\u00e1z\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n
  2. Proteiny proch\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u00fdvodem, kde se m\u011bn\u00ed jejich struktura a vl\u00e1kno tuhne.<\/li>\n
  3. Pavouk reguluje tlou\u0161\u0165ku a vlastnosti vl\u00e1kna pomoc\u00ed snovac\u00edch bradavek.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Produkce hedv\u00e1b\u00ed u bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho<\/h3>\n

    Bource moru\u0161ov\u00fd, larva mot\u00fdla Bombyx mori, produkuje hedv\u00e1b\u00ed pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kokonu, ve kter\u00e9m se zakukl\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od pavouk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed produkuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, bourec moru\u0161ov\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pouze jeden typ, prim\u00e1rn\u011b slo\u017een\u00fd z protein\u016f fibroinu a sericinu.<\/p>\n

    Slo\u017een\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Slo\u017eka<\/th>\nFunkce<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Fibroin<\/td>\nDod\u00e1v\u00e1 vl\u00e1knu pevnost a pru\u017enost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Sericin<\/td>\nLepiv\u00e1 slo\u017eka, kter\u00e1 dr\u017e\u00ed vl\u00e1kna pohromad\u011b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Proces tvorby hedv\u00e1b\u00ed u bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. Larva se \u017eiv\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b listy moru\u0161e b\u00edl\u00e9.<\/li>\n
    2. V t\u011ble larvy se z list\u016f moru\u0161e syntetizuj\u00ed proteiny fibroin a sericin.<\/li>\n
    3. Proteiny jsou vylu\u010dov\u00e1ny slinn\u00fdmi \u017el\u00e1zami larvy v tekut\u00e9 form\u011b.<\/li>\n
    4. P\u0159i kontaktu se vzduchem tekutina tuhne a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno.<\/li>\n
    5. Larva se obal\u00ed vl\u00e1knem a vytvo\u0159\u00ed si kokon.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      A\u010dkoliv pavouci i bource moru\u0161ov\u00ed produkuj\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, zp\u016fsoby, jak\u00fdmi to d\u011blaj\u00ed, se li\u0161\u00ed. Pavouci produkuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy hedv\u00e1b\u00ed pro rozmanit\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, zat\u00edmco bourec moru\u0161ov\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jeden typ pro stavbu kokonu. Oba procesy jsou v\u0161ak fascinuj\u00edc\u00edmi uk\u00e1zkami p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco hedv\u00e1b\u00ed bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho se hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v textiln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu, pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, s jeho unik\u00e1tn\u00edmi vlastnostmi, st\u00e1le p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdzvu pro v\u011bdce a in\u017een\u00fdry, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed replikovat jeho produkci ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Pavouci a bource moru\u0161ov\u00ed, oba tvorov\u00e9 produkuj\u00edc\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, fascinuj\u00ed lidstvo po stalet\u00ed. A\u010dkoliv v\u00fdsledek jejich sna\u017een\u00ed \u2013 hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno \u2013 se zd\u00e1 podobn\u00fd, proces jeho vzniku se u obou druh\u016f zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. Poj\u010fme se bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edvat na to, jak tito \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed tento pozoruhodn\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Produkce hedv\u00e1b\u00ed u pavouk\u016f Pavouci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed k mnoha \u00fa\u010del\u016fm:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":48834,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37831],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119346"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119346\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48834"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}