{"id":119890,"date":"2023-04-06T02:10:25","date_gmt":"2023-04-06T09:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/how-are-silk-fibres-obtained\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T10:34:35","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:34:35","slug":"how-are-silk-fibres-obtained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/how-are-silk-fibres-obtained\/","title":{"rendered":"Od kokonu k hedv\u00e1b\u00ed: Z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, luxusn\u00ed materi\u00e1l s dlouhou histori\u00ed, je cen\u011bno pro svou jemnost, lesk a trvanlivost.  Jeho vl\u00e1kna, produkovan\u00e1 larvami bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho, proch\u00e1zej\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm procesem, ne\u017e se z nich stane l\u00e1tka, kterou zn\u00e1me a obdivujeme. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek detailn\u011b popisuje, jak se hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Chov bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho<\/h3>\n<p>Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho (Bombyx mori) se chovaj\u00ed v kontrolovan\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde je jim zaji\u0161t\u011bna st\u00e1l\u00e1 dod\u00e1vka list\u016f moru\u0161e b\u00edl\u00e9, jejich jedin\u00e9ho zdroje potravy.  Od vaj\u00ed\u010dka po zakuklen\u00ed proch\u00e1z\u00ed larva \u010dty\u0159mi st\u00e1dii v\u00fdvoje, b\u011bhem kter\u00fdch se jej\u00ed velikost dramaticky zv\u011bt\u0161uje.<\/p>\n<h3>Tvorba kokonu<\/h3>\n<p>Po dosa\u017een\u00ed dosp\u011blosti larva za\u010dne produkovat hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno, kter\u00e9 vylu\u010duje ze slinn\u00fdch \u017el\u00e1z.  Vl\u00e1kno se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z protein\u016f fibroinu a sericinu.  Larva se obal\u00ed t\u00edmto vl\u00e1knem a vytvo\u0159\u00ed si ochrann\u00fd kokon, uvnit\u0159 kter\u00e9ho se zakukl\u00ed.  Tvorba kokonu trv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Sklize\u0148 kokon\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Kokony se skl\u00edzej\u00ed kr\u00e1tce p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se z kukly vyl\u00edhne mot\u00fdl.  Kdyby se mot\u00fdl vyl\u00edhl, po\u0161kodil by kokon a vl\u00e1kno by se stalo nepou\u017eiteln\u00fdm pro v\u00fdrobu dlouh\u00fdch, celistv\u00fdch nit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00edskan\u00e9 kokony se zah\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed v hork\u00e9 vod\u011b nebo p\u00e1\u0159e, aby se rozpustil sericin, lepidlo, kter\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00ed vl\u00e1kna pohromad\u011b.  Tento proces se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 odmot\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.  Z jednoho kokonu lze z\u00edskat a\u017e 1000 metr\u016f hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna.<\/p>\n<h3>Druhy hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed podle zp\u016fsobu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a vlastnost\u00ed:<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Druh hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>Vlastnosti<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Moru\u0161ov\u00e9 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Klasick\u00fd proces odmot\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Jemn\u00e9, leskl\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tussah hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 se z divoce \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch bourc\u016f<\/td>\n<td>Hrub\u0161\u00ed, m\u00e9n\u011b leskl\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Eri hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Kokony se sb\u00edraj\u00ed a\u017e po vyl\u00edhnut\u00ed mot\u00fdla<\/td>\n<td>Kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna, m\u00e9n\u011b leskl\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Dal\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00edskan\u00e1 hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna se d\u00e1le zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u010dist\u00ed, sp\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed do nit\u00ed a barv\u00ed.  N\u00e1sledn\u011b se z nich tkaj\u00ed l\u00e1tky r\u016fzn\u00fdch struktur a vzor\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken je komplexn\u00ed a pracn\u00e9.  Od chovu bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho a\u017e po fin\u00e1ln\u00ed tkaninu vy\u017eaduje ka\u017ed\u00fd krok pe\u010dlivost a znalosti.  V\u00fdsledkem je v\u0161ak materi\u00e1l s v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, kter\u00fd si po stalet\u00ed udr\u017euje sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto mezi nejluxusn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi textiliemi na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, luxusn\u00ed materi\u00e1l s dlouhou histori\u00ed, je cen\u011bno pro svou jemnost, lesk a trvanlivost. Jeho vl\u00e1kna, produkovan\u00e1 larvami bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho, proch\u00e1zej\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm procesem, ne\u017e se z nich stane l\u00e1tka, kterou zn\u00e1me a obdivujeme. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek detailn\u011b popisuje, jak se hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Chov bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho (Bombyx mori) se chovaj\u00ed v kontrolovan\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5713,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37831],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119890","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119890"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119890\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5713"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119890"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119890"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}