{"id":120026,"date":"2023-04-04T07:11:37","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T14:11:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/how-do-worms-make-silk\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T10:34:40","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:34:40","slug":"how-do-worms-make-silk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/how-do-worms-make-silk\/","title":{"rendered":"Tajemstv\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed: Jak ho \u010dervi vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u017d\u00ed\u017ealy, a\u010dkoliv si je spojujeme sp\u00ed\u0161e s p\u016fdou a kompostem,  ve skute\u010dnosti produkuj\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.  Nen\u00ed to v\u0161ak stejn\u00e9 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, jak\u00e9 zn\u00e1me z kokon\u016f bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho.  Tento fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed proces prob\u00edh\u00e1 odli\u0161n\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem a v\u00fdsledn\u00fd produkt m\u00e1 jin\u00e9 vlastnosti a vyu\u017eit\u00ed.  V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se podrobn\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1me na to, jak \u017e\u00ed\u017ealy hedv\u00e1b\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed a k \u010demu ho pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Produkce hedv\u00e1b\u00ed u \u017e\u00ed\u017eal<\/h3>\n<p>\u017d\u00ed\u017ealy produkuj\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed ve specializovan\u00fdch \u017el\u00e1z\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v epidermis, tedy vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstv\u011b jejich t\u011bla.  Tyto \u017el\u00e1zy vylu\u010duj\u00ed tekutinu bohatou na proteiny, kter\u00e1 po kontaktu se vzduchem tuhne a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vl\u00e1kna hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.  Tento proces je podobn\u00fd tomu, jak pavouci vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed sv\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna.<\/p>\n<h3>Slo\u017een\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed \u017e\u00ed\u017eal<\/h3>\n<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed \u017e\u00ed\u017eal se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z protein\u016f, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b z fibroinu a sericinu.  Fibroin je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za pevnost a pru\u017enost vl\u00e1kna, zat\u00edmco sericin mu dod\u00e1v\u00e1 lepivost.  Pom\u011br t\u011bchto protein\u016f se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na druhu \u017e\u00ed\u017ealy.<\/p>\n<h3>Funkce hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\u017d\u00ed\u017ealy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed k r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm.  Slou\u017e\u00ed jim k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch kokon\u016f pro sv\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka, k vyztu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u011bn sv\u00fdch chodeb v p\u016fd\u011b a tak\u00e9 k usnadn\u011bn\u00ed pohybu, zejm\u00e9na v such\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.  Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed jim tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eovat vlhkost a chr\u00e1n\u00ed je p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n<h3>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s hedv\u00e1b\u00edm bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho<\/h3>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Vlastnost<\/th>\n<th>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed \u017e\u00ed\u017ealy<\/th>\n<th>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Pevnost<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pru\u017enost<\/td>\n<td>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lesk<\/td>\n<td>Matn\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>Leskl\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b<\/td>\n<td>Textiln\u00ed pr\u016fmysl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>V\u00fdzkum a vyu\u017eit\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed \u017e\u00ed\u017eal<\/h3>\n<p>V\u011bdci se v sou\u010dasnosti zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00fdzkumem hedv\u00e1b\u00ed \u017e\u00ed\u017eal a jeho potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00edm v medic\u00edn\u011b a biotechnologi\u00edch.  Jeho biokompatibilita a biodegradabilita ho \u010din\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem pro v\u00fdrobu obvaz\u016f, implant\u00e1t\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch biomedic\u00ednsk\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee produkce hedv\u00e1b\u00ed u \u017e\u00ed\u017eal je fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm procesem, kter\u00fd hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v jejich \u017eivot\u011b.  A\u010dkoliv se hedv\u00e1b\u00ed \u017e\u00ed\u017eal sv\u00fdmi vlastnostmi li\u0161\u00ed od hedv\u00e1b\u00ed bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho, m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l naj\u00edt uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech, od medic\u00edny a\u017e po biotechnologie.  Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum v t\u00e9to oblasti n\u00e1m jist\u011b odhal\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 informace o tomto pozoruhodn\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u017d\u00ed\u017ealy, a\u010dkoliv si je spojujeme sp\u00ed\u0161e s p\u016fdou a kompostem, ve skute\u010dnosti produkuj\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed. Nen\u00ed to v\u0161ak stejn\u00e9 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, jak\u00e9 zn\u00e1me z kokon\u016f bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho. Tento fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed proces prob\u00edh\u00e1 odli\u0161n\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem a v\u00fdsledn\u00fd produkt m\u00e1 jin\u00e9 vlastnosti a vyu\u017eit\u00ed. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se podrobn\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1me na to, jak \u017e\u00ed\u017ealy hedv\u00e1b\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed a k \u010demu ho<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89725,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37823],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120026","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faqs-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120026"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120026\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120026"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}