{"id":121850,"date":"2021-07-30T00:51:57","date_gmt":"2021-07-30T07:51:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/how-to-artificially-produce-spider-silk\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T10:35:28","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:35:28","slug":"how-to-artificially-produce-spider-silk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/how-to-artificially-produce-spider-silk\/","title":{"rendered":"Um\u011bl\u00e1 pavou\u010d\u00ed vl\u00e1kna: Jak na to?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, materi\u00e1l s v\u00fdjime\u010dnou pevnost\u00ed a pru\u017enost\u00ed, fascinuje v\u011bdce i in\u017een\u00fdry po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed. Jeho p\u0159irozen\u00e1 produkce pavouky je v\u0161ak pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u00e1. Proto se v\u011bdci po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b intenzivn\u011b zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00fdzkumem a v\u00fdvojem metod pro um\u011blou v\u00fdrobu pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Metody produkce rekombinantn\u00edho pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Rekombinantn\u00ed produkce je jednou z nejperspektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch metod. Zahrnuje vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed gen\u016f pro proteiny pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed (spidroiny) do jin\u00fdch organism\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou schopny tyto proteiny produkovat ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    Bakterie:<\/strong> Bakterie, jako je Escherichia coli<\/em>, jsou relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9 a levn\u00e9 na kultivaci. V\u00fdzvou je dos\u00e1hnout dostate\u010dn\u00e9 d\u00e9lky a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed spidroin\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Kvasinky:<\/strong> Kvasinky, nap\u0159\u00edklad Pichia pastoris<\/em>, jsou eukaryotick\u00e9 organismy, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed produkovat slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed proteiny. Mohou produkovat spidroiny s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed molekulovou hmotnost\u00ed ne\u017e bakterie.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Rostliny:<\/strong> Geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 rostliny, jako je tab\u00e1k nebo brambory, mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 vyu\u017eity k produkci spidroin\u016f. V\u00fdhodou je mo\u017enost p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Hmyz:<\/strong> Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho lze geneticky upravit pro produkci spidroin\u016f. Jejich hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy jsou p\u0159irozen\u011b uzp\u016fsobeny pro produkci hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch protein\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Kozy:<\/strong> Vlo\u017een\u00edm genu pro spidroin do DNA koz lze z\u00edskat ml\u00e9ko obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed spidroin. Tento spidroin se n\u00e1sledn\u011b izoluje a zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed metod produkce<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Metoda<\/th>\nV\u00fdhody<\/th>\nNev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Bakterie<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, rychl\u00fd r\u016fst<\/td>\nOmezen\u00e1 d\u00e9lka a slo\u017eitost spidroin\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kvasinky<\/td>\nProdukce slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch protein\u016f<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady ne\u017e bakterie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Rostliny<\/td>\nVelk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed biomasy, n\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1 koncentrace spidroin\u016f v rostlinn\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00edch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Hmyz<\/td>\nP\u0159irozen\u011b uzp\u016fsoben\u00e9 hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy<\/td>\nSlo\u017eit\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 modifikace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kozy<\/td>\nProdukce ve velk\u00e9m objemu, snadn\u00e1 izolace<\/td>\nEtick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na chov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a aplikace<\/h3>\n

    Po produkci spidroin\u016f je nutn\u00e9 je zpracovat do formy vl\u00e1kna. To zahrnuje rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spidroin\u016f v rozpou\u0161t\u011bdle a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1k\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00fdsledn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna maj\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch aplikac\u00ed, od medic\u00edny (chirurgick\u00e9 nit\u011b, tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed) p\u0159es textiln\u00ed pr\u016fmysl (odoln\u00e9 a lehk\u00e9 tkaniny) a\u017e po vojensk\u00e9 technologie (ochrann\u00e9 vesty).<\/p>\n

    V\u00fdzvy a budoucnost<\/h3>\n

    P\u0159esto\u017ee se v oblasti um\u011bl\u00e9 produkce pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed dos\u00e1hlo zna\u010dn\u00e9ho pokroku, st\u00e1le existuj\u00ed v\u00fdzvy. Jednou z nich je dosa\u017een\u00ed mechanick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed srovnateln\u00fdch s p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm pavou\u010d\u00edm hedv\u00e1b\u00edm. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvou je ekonomick\u00e1 rentabilita produkce. V budoucnu se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed optimalizace metod produkce a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e by mohlo v\u00e9st k \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu vyu\u017eit\u00ed tohoto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edho materi\u00e1lu. V\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj v tomto oboru neust\u00e1le pokra\u010duje a slibuje vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed objevy a inovace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, materi\u00e1l s v\u00fdjime\u010dnou pevnost\u00ed a pru\u017enost\u00ed, fascinuje v\u011bdce i in\u017een\u00fdry po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed. Jeho p\u0159irozen\u00e1 produkce pavouky je v\u0161ak pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u00e1. Proto se v\u011bdci po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b intenzivn\u011b zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00fdzkumem a v\u00fdvojem metod pro um\u011blou v\u00fdrobu pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed. Metody produkce rekombinantn\u00edho pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed Rekombinantn\u00ed produkce je jednou z nejperspektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch metod. Zahrnuje<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":48834,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37912],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-textile-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=121850"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121850\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48834"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=121850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=121850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=121850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}