{"id":122138,"date":"2021-07-25T01:41:01","date_gmt":"2021-07-25T08:41:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/overview-of-mulberry-silkworm\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T10:41:00","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:41:00","slug":"overview-of-mulberry-silkworm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/overview-of-mulberry-silkworm\/","title":{"rendered":"Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho: Od vaj\u00ed\u010dka k hedv\u00e1b\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho, v\u011bdecky zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako <em>Bombyx mori<\/em>, je fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm druhem hmyzu s bohatou histori\u00ed spjatou s produkc\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.  Po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed byl tento nen\u00e1padn\u00fd tvor kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem v textiln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu a jeho chov, serikultura, se stal sofistikovan\u00fdm oborem. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edv\u00e1me na \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho, jeho specifick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby a v\u00fdznam v kontextu hedv\u00e1bnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus<\/h3>\n<p>\u017divot bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze \u010dty\u0159 f\u00e1z\u00ed: vaj\u00ed\u010dko, larva (housenka), kukla a dosp\u011blec (mot\u00fdl). Cel\u00fd cyklus trv\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6-8 t\u00fddn\u016f a je siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn teplotou a vlhkost\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fd\u017eiva a chov<\/h3>\n<p>Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho se \u017eiv\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b listy moru\u0161e b\u00edl\u00e9 (<em>Morus alba<\/em>), odtud jeho n\u00e1zev.  Kvalita a dostupnost list\u016f moru\u0161e p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed zdrav\u00ed a produkci hedv\u00e1b\u00ed. Pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd chov je nezbytn\u00e9 zajistit st\u00e1l\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun \u010derstv\u00fdch list\u016f a udr\u017eovat vhodn\u00e9 hygienick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nemoc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Produkce hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Housenka bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho produkuje hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kokonu, ve kter\u00e9m se zakukl\u00ed. Toto vl\u00e1kno je tvo\u0159eno dv\u011bma proteiny, fibroinem a sericinem.  Kokon se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z jednoho nep\u0159eru\u0161en\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat d\u00e9lky a\u017e 900 metr\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Druhy bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho<\/h3>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik druh\u016f bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed barvou kokonu a kvalitou produkovan\u00e9ho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.  N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy produkuj\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 kokony, jin\u00e9 \u017elut\u00e9, oran\u017eov\u00e9 nebo dokonce zelen\u00e9.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Druh bource<\/th>\n<th>Barva kokonu<\/th>\n<th>Vlastnosti hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Bombyx mori<\/em> (b\u011b\u017en\u00fd)<\/td>\n<td>B\u00edl\u00e1, \u017elut\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>Jemn\u00e9, leskl\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Bombyx mandarina<\/em> (divok\u00fd)<\/td>\n<td>\u017dlut\u00e1, hn\u011bd\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>Hrub\u0161\u00ed, m\u00e9n\u011b leskl\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>V\u00fdznam v hedv\u00e1bnictv\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho hraje nezastupitelnou roli v hedv\u00e1bnictv\u00ed.  Jeho chov poskytuje surovinu pro v\u00fdrobu hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je cen\u011bno pro svou jemnost, lesk a pevnost.  Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b luxusn\u00edch od\u011bv\u016f, bytov\u00fdch textili\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch produkt\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Nemoci a \u0161k\u016fdci<\/h3>\n<p>Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho jsou n\u00e1chyln\u00ed k r\u016fzn\u00fdm nemocem a \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit produkci hedv\u00e1b\u00ed. Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed pebrina, flacherie a grasserie.  D\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed serikultury je proto prevence a kontrola t\u011bchto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho, a\u010dkoliv mal\u00fd a nen\u00e1padn\u00fd, m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro lidstvo. Jeho schopnost produkovat hedv\u00e1b\u00ed formovala kulturu a obchod po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed.  I v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b, kdy existuj\u00ed syntetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed z bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho vyhled\u00e1vanou komoditou a jeho chov p\u0159edstavuje d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st textiln\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu v mnoha zem\u00edch sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho, v\u011bdecky zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Bombyx mori, je fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm druhem hmyzu s bohatou histori\u00ed spjatou s produkc\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed. Po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed byl tento nen\u00e1padn\u00fd tvor kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem v textiln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu a jeho chov, serikultura, se stal sofistikovan\u00fdm oborem. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edv\u00e1me na \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho, jeho specifick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby a v\u00fdznam v kontextu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89517,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37831],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-122138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=122138"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122138\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=122138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=122138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=122138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}