{"id":122186,"date":"2021-07-24T23:39:09","date_gmt":"2021-07-25T06:39:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/overview-of-mulberry-silkworm-rearing\/"},"modified":"2025-02-03T02:05:18","modified_gmt":"2025-02-03T10:05:18","slug":"overview-of-mulberry-silkworm-rearing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/overview-of-mulberry-silkworm-rearing\/","title":{"rendered":"Chov Bourc\u016f Moru\u0161ov\u00fdch: Podrobn\u00fd Pr\u016fvodce"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chov bourc\u016f moru\u0161ov\u00fdch, neboli serikultura, je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed proces, kter\u00fd po stalet\u00ed poskytuje lidstvu luxusn\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00e1s provede cel\u00fdm procesem, od p\u00e9\u010de o vaj\u00ed\u010dka a\u017e po sb\u011br hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch kokon\u016f. Chov bourc\u016f nen\u00ed jen o produkci hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 o pochopen\u00ed komplexn\u00edho \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu t\u011bchto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edch tvor\u016f.<\/p>\n

1. \u017divotn\u00ed Cyklus Bource Moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho<\/h3>\n

Bourci moru\u0161ov\u00ed (Bombyx mori) proch\u00e1zej\u00ed b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota \u010dty\u0159mi hlavn\u00edmi f\u00e1zemi: vaj\u00ed\u010dko, larva (housenka), kukla a mot\u00fdl. Chovatel\u00e9 se nejv\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na f\u00e1zi larvy, kdy housenky konzumuj\u00ed moru\u0161ov\u00e9 listy a rostou do velikosti, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje tvorbu kokonu. Po vyl\u00edhnut\u00ed z vaj\u00ed\u010dek se mal\u00e9 larvy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed krmit. B\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho r\u016fstu se n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t svl\u00e9kaj\u00ed, co\u017e je proces, kdy odhazuj\u00ed svou starou k\u016f\u017ei. Po dosa\u017een\u00ed pln\u00e9 velikosti se housenky zakukl\u00ed v kokonu, ze kter\u00e9ho se n\u00e1sledn\u011b vyl\u00edhne mot\u00fdl.<\/p>\n

2. V\u00fdb\u011br a P\u0159\u00edprava Vaj\u00ed\u010dek<\/h3>\n

Pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd chov je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br kvalitn\u00edch vaj\u00ed\u010dek. Vaj\u00ed\u010dka by m\u011bla b\u00fdt zdrav\u00e1 a poch\u00e1zet od prov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch chovatel\u016f. P\u0159ed l\u00edhnut\u00edm se vaj\u00ed\u010dka usklad\u0148uj\u00ed v chladu a temnu. L\u00edhnut\u00ed se obvykle spou\u0161t\u00ed pomal\u00fdm zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm teploty a vlhkosti. Pro kontrolu kvality vaj\u00ed\u010dek se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 metoda prosv\u00edcen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 identifikovat nezdrav\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka. Vhodn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro l\u00edhnut\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed teplotu kolem 25 \u00b0C a vysokou vlhkost vzduchu.<\/p>\n

3. Krmen\u00ed a P\u00e9\u010de o Housenky<\/h3>\n

Po vyl\u00edhnut\u00ed se housenky okam\u017eit\u011b za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed krmit moru\u0161ov\u00fdmi listy. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je pod\u00e1vat jim \u010derstv\u00e9 a kvalitn\u00ed listy, kter\u00e9 jsou pro jejich r\u016fst nezbytn\u00e9. Housenky se krm\u00ed n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t denn\u011b a mno\u017estv\u00ed potravy se zvy\u0161uje s jejich r\u016fstem. \u010cistota chovn\u00e9ho prostoru je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro prevenci nemoc\u00ed. Pravideln\u011b je nutn\u00e9 odstra\u0148ovat zbytky potravy a v\u00fdkaly housenek. Zabezpe\u010den\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 ventilace je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro udr\u017een\u00ed zdrav\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

4. Tvorba Kokon\u016f<\/h3>\n

Po n\u011bkolika svl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00edch a dostate\u010dn\u00e9m nakrmen\u00ed housenky dos\u00e1hnou st\u00e1dia, kdy za\u010dnou vytv\u00e1\u0159et kokon. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zy v \u00fastech housenky produkuj\u00ed tekut\u00e9 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se na vzduchu rychle tuhne. Housenka obaluje sama sebe hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdm vl\u00e1knem a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tak kokon. B\u011bhem tohoto procesu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zajistit housenk\u00e1m klidn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Chovatel\u00e9 \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1my s otvory, kam se housenky zav\u011bs\u00ed pro tvorbu kokon\u016f.<\/p>\n

5. Sb\u011br a Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed Kokon\u016f<\/h3>\n

Po vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kokon\u016f se sb\u00edraj\u00ed a t\u0159\u00edd\u00ed. Kokony se obvykle spa\u0159uj\u00ed horkou vodou nebo p\u00e1rou, aby se zni\u010dila kukla uvnit\u0159 a uvolnila se hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna. N\u00e1sledn\u011b se kokony rozmot\u00e1vaj\u00ed a hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna se sp\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed do nit\u00ed. Kvalita kokon\u016f se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na mnoha faktorech, jako je strava housenek, teplota a vlhkost b\u011bhem chovu.<\/p>\n

6. Tabulka Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed F\u00e1z\u00ed Chovu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
F\u00e1ze<\/th>\nPopis<\/th>\nDoba trv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/th>\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Vaj\u00ed\u010dko<\/td>\nMal\u00e1, kulat\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka, kter\u00e1 se l\u00edhnou v larvy<\/td>\n10 – 14 dn\u00ed<\/td>\nSkladov\u00e1n\u00ed v chladu, kontrola kvality, l\u00edhnut\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Larva<\/td>\nHousenka krm\u00edc\u00ed se moru\u0161ov\u00fdmi listy, proch\u00e1z\u00ed svl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00edm<\/td>\n25 – 35 dn\u00ed<\/td>\nPravideln\u00e9 krmen\u00ed, \u00faklid chovn\u00e9ho prostoru, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ventilace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kukla<\/td>\nHousenka se uzav\u00edr\u00e1 v kokonu<\/td>\n10 – 14 dn\u00ed<\/td>\nSb\u011br kokon\u016f, spa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kokon\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mot\u00fdl<\/td>\nVyl\u00edhnut\u00ed mot\u00fdla z kokonu<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed produkce hedv\u00e1b\u00ed v komer\u010dn\u00edm chovu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

7. V\u00fdznam Serikultury<\/h3>\n

Serikultura m\u00e1 dlouhou historii a je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm zdrojem p\u0159\u00edjmu pro mnoho komunit. Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je vysoce cen\u011bn\u00fd materi\u00e1l s unik\u00e1tn\u00edmi vlastnostmi. A\u010dkoliv existuj\u00ed i syntetick\u00e9 alternativy, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed si st\u00e1le udr\u017euje svou exkluzivitu. Serikultura je tak\u00e9 \u0161etrn\u00e1 k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, proto\u017ee moru\u0161ovn\u00edky absorbuj\u00ed oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd a produkovan\u00e9 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je biologicky odbourateln\u00e9. Udr\u017eiteln\u00fd chov bourc\u016f moru\u0161ov\u00fdch je tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to tradi\u010dn\u00ed a ekologicky \u0161etrn\u00e9 praxe.<\/p>\n

Chov bourc\u016f moru\u0161ov\u00fdch je um\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje trp\u011blivost, p\u00e9\u010di a znalost \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu t\u011bchto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edch tvor\u016f. Od v\u00fdb\u011bru kvalitn\u00edch vaj\u00ed\u010dek a\u017e po sb\u011br hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch kokon\u016f, ka\u017ed\u00fd krok m\u00e1 sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam pro dosa\u017een\u00ed kvalitn\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed. I p\u0159es v\u00fdzvy, kter\u00e9 chov p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, je to st\u00e1le \u010dinnost s hlubok\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny v historii a s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm m\u00edstem v modern\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chov bourc\u016f moru\u0161ov\u00fdch, neboli serikultura, je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed proces, kter\u00fd po stalet\u00ed poskytuje lidstvu luxusn\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00e1s provede cel\u00fdm procesem, od p\u00e9\u010de o vaj\u00ed\u010dka a\u017e po sb\u011br hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch kokon\u016f. Chov bourc\u016f nen\u00ed jen o produkci hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 o pochopen\u00ed komplexn\u00edho \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu t\u011bchto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edch tvor\u016f. 1. \u017divotn\u00ed Cyklus Bource Moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho Bourci moru\u0161ov\u00ed (Bombyx<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":84298,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37831],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-122186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=122186"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122186\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84298"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=122186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=122186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=122186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}