Kukly, z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mnoha hmyz\u00edch druh\u016f, vykazuj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed rozmanitost ve sv\u00e9m vzhledu. Od jednoduch\u00fdch, nen\u00e1padn\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f a\u017e po slo\u017eit\u00e9 a esteticky p\u016fsobiv\u00e9 struktury, jejich charakteristiky odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed styl a pot\u0159eby dan\u00e9ho druhu. Poj\u010fme se bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edvat na n\u011bkter\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty jejich vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podoby.<\/p>\n
Tvar a velikost kukly<\/p>\n
Tvar kukly se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na druhu hmyzu. N\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou ov\u00e1ln\u00e9, jin\u00e9 v\u00e1lcovit\u00e9, ku\u017eelovit\u00e9, nebo i zcela nepravideln\u00e9. Velikost se takt\u00e9\u017e m\u011bn\u00ed, od pouh\u00fdch milimetr\u016f u drobn\u00fdch druh\u016f, a\u017e po n\u011bkolik centimetr\u016f u v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch mot\u00fdl\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kukly mot\u00fdl\u016f z \u010deledi Saturniidae<\/em> jsou \u010dasto velk\u00e9 a robustn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco kukly mouchy dom\u00e1c\u00ed jsou mal\u00e9 a ov\u00e1ln\u00e9.<\/p>\n Barva a textura<\/p>\n Barevn\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la kukel je p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b \u0161irok\u00e1. M\u016f\u017eeme nal\u00e9zt kukly hn\u011bd\u00e9, zelen\u00e9, \u0161ed\u00e9, \u010dern\u00e9, ale i s n\u00e1padn\u00fdmi skvrnami nebo pruhy, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako maskov\u00e1n\u00ed. Textura kukly se takt\u00e9\u017e li\u0161\u00ed \u2013 n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou hladk\u00e9 a leskl\u00e9, jin\u00e9 drsn\u00e9 a matn\u00e9. Mnoho kukel je pokryto jemn\u00fdmi chloupky nebo \u0161upinami.<\/p>\n Ochrann\u00e9 mechanismy<\/p>\n Kukly jsou v bezbrann\u00e9 f\u00e1zi sv\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje a jsou proto \u010dasto vybaveny r\u016fzn\u00fdmi ochrann\u00fdmi mechanismy. N\u011bkter\u00e9 kukly jsou perfektn\u011b maskovan\u00e9 v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed, a spl\u00fdvaj\u00ed s okoln\u00ed vegetac\u00ed. Jin\u00e9 jsou tvrd\u00e9 a odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di mechanick\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed pevn\u00fd kokon z hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, kter\u00fd poskytuje dal\u0161\u00ed ochranu p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory a nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdmi pov\u011btrnostn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami. Kvalita hedv\u00e1b\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed dle druhu mot\u00fdla; nap\u0159. hedv\u00e1b\u00ed z kokonu bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho (z n\u011bj\u017e se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed) je uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 pro svou jemnost a lesk. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 zm\u00ednit konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zna\u010dku, pro ilustraci kvality hedv\u00e1b\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st PandaSilk, kter\u00e1 nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu produkt\u016f z hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.<\/p>\n P\u0159\u00edklady r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f kukel<\/p>\n Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed kukly<\/p>\n Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed kukly je rovn\u011b\u017e d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy kukl\u00ed se voln\u011b na rostlin\u00e1ch, jin\u00e9 si stav\u00ed kokony v p\u016fd\u011b, pod k\u016frou strom\u016f, nebo v jin\u00fdch skryt\u00fdch m\u00edstech. Volba m\u00edsta z\u00e1vis\u00ed na druhu a jeho pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n Kukly, a\u010dkoliv se zd\u00e1nliv\u011b jedn\u00e1 o neaktivn\u00ed f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoje hmyzu, vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159ekvapivou rozmanitost ve sv\u00e9m vzhledu, kter\u00e1 odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed adaptaci na specifick\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky a pred\u00e1tory. Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto charakteristik n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt komplexn\u00edmu \u017eivotn\u00edmu cyklu hmyzu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kukly, z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mnoha hmyz\u00edch druh\u016f, vykazuj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed rozmanitost ve sv\u00e9m vzhledu. Od jednoduch\u00fdch, nen\u00e1padn\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f a\u017e po slo\u017eit\u00e9 a esteticky p\u016fsobiv\u00e9 struktury, jejich charakteristiky odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed styl a pot\u0159eby dan\u00e9ho druhu. Poj\u010fme se bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edvat na n\u011bkter\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty jejich vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podoby. Tvar a velikost kukly Tvar kukly se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6261,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37831],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-122466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=122466"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122466\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6261"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=122466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=122466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=122466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n\n
\n \nDruh hmyzu<\/th>\n Tvar kukly<\/th>\n Barva kukly<\/th>\n Textura kukly<\/th>\n Ochrann\u00e9 mechanismy<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Bourec moru\u0161ov\u00fd<\/td>\n Ov\u00e1ln\u00e1, prot\u00e1hl\u00e1<\/td>\n B\u011blav\u00e1, na\u017eloutl\u00e1<\/td>\n Hladk\u00e1, leskl\u00e1<\/td>\n Pevn\u00fd hedv\u00e1bn\u00fd kokon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Mot\u00fdl babo\u010dka pav\u00ed oko<\/td>\n Zelen\u00e1, hn\u011bd\u00e1<\/td>\n Zelen\u00e1, hn\u011bd\u00e1<\/td>\n Hladk\u00e1, matn\u00e1<\/td>\n Maskov\u00e1n\u00ed v list\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Mouchy dom\u00e1c\u00ed<\/td>\n Ov\u00e1ln\u00e1, mal\u00e1<\/td>\n Tmav\u011b hn\u011bd\u00e1<\/td>\n Hladk\u00e1, leskl\u00e1<\/td>\n \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 mechanismy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n