{"id":126578,"date":"2016-09-28T21:40:54","date_gmt":"2016-09-28T13:40:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/chemical-composition-of-silk-fiber-cotton-fiber-wool-fiber\/"},"modified":"2025-01-15T10:32:53","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T18:32:53","slug":"chemical-composition-of-silk-fiber-cotton-fiber-wool-fiber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/chemical-composition-of-silk-fiber-cotton-fiber-wool-fiber\/","title":{"rendered":"Chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, bavlny a vlny"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vl\u00e1kna hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, bavlny a vlny se od sebe v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed jak sv\u00fdm vzhledem a vlastnostmi, tak i chemick\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm.  Tato odli\u0161nost ur\u010duje jejich specifick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed v textiln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu a ovliv\u0148uje jejich odolnost, absorpci vlhkosti a dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vlastnosti.  Pochopen\u00ed chemick\u00e9 struktury t\u011bchto vl\u00e1ken je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro pochopen\u00ed jejich jedine\u010dn\u00fdch charakteristik.<\/p>\n<h3>Chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed vl\u00e1kno produkovan\u00e9 housenkami bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho.  Jeho hlavn\u00ed slo\u017ekou je fibroin, co\u017e je komplexn\u00ed protein tvo\u0159en\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzci aminokyselin.  Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aminokyseliny v fibroinu jsou glycin, alanin, serin a tyrosin.  Tyto aminokyseliny se spojuj\u00ed peptidov\u00fdmi vazbami za vzniku dlouh\u00fdch, pravideln\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f, kter\u00e9 se pak uspo\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed do \u03b2-listov\u00e9 struktury.  Tato struktura dod\u00e1v\u00e1 hedv\u00e1b\u00ed jeho charakteristickou pevnost a lesk.  Krom\u011b fibroinu obsahuje hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno i sericin, lepidlovitou l\u00e1tku, kter\u00e1 pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 fibroinov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna a dr\u017e\u00ed je pohromad\u011b.  Sericin se p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou odstra\u0148uje.<\/p>\n<h3>Chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed bavlny<\/h3>\n<p>Bavlna je rostlinn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno, jeho\u017e hlavn\u00ed slo\u017ekou je celul\u00f3za.  Celul\u00f3za je polysacharid tvo\u0159en\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzci gluk\u00f3zov\u00fdch jednotek spojen\u00fdch glykosidick\u00fdmi vazbami.  Tyto \u0159et\u011bzce se uspo\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed do krystalick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed bavln\u011b pevnost a odolnost.  Bavlna je hydrofiln\u00ed vl\u00e1kno, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee snadno absorbuje vodu.  Tato vlastnost je d\u00e1na p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed hydroxyskupin na gluk\u00f3zov\u00fdch jednotk\u00e1ch celul\u00f3zy.<\/p>\n<h3>Chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed vlny<\/h3>\n<p>Vlna je \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno z\u00edskan\u00e9 z rouna ovc\u00ed.  Jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed slo\u017ekou je keratin, co\u017e je fibrovit\u00fd protein slo\u017een\u00fd z r\u016fzn\u00fdch aminokyselin.  Keratin m\u00e1 slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strukturu ne\u017e fibroin a obsahuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed s\u00edry ne\u017e hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.  S\u00edra je p\u0159\u00edtomna v podob\u011b aminokyseliny cysteinu, kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed disulfidov\u00e9 m\u016fstky mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi proteinov\u00fdmi \u0159et\u011bzci.  Tyto disulfidov\u00e9 m\u016fstky dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed vln\u011b jej\u00ed pru\u017enost a tvarovou pam\u011b\u0165.  Vlna je rovn\u011b\u017e hydrofiln\u00ed, ale m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e bavlna.<\/p>\n<h3>Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed chemick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed<\/h3>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Vl\u00e1kno<\/th>\n<th>Hlavn\u00ed slo\u017eka<\/th>\n<th>Chemick\u00e1 povaha<\/th>\n<th>Hydrofilie<\/th>\n<th>Pevnost<\/th>\n<th>Pru\u017enost<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Fibroin (protein)<\/td>\n<td>Aminokyseliny<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bavlna<\/td>\n<td>Celul\u00f3za (sacharid)<\/td>\n<td>Gluk\u00f3zov\u00e9 jednotky<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>N\u00edzk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vlna<\/td>\n<td>Keratin (protein)<\/td>\n<td>Aminokyseliny s S<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>St\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011br:  Rozd\u00edly v chemick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, bavlny a vlny vedou k v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm rozd\u00edl\u016fm v jejich vlastnostech.  Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto rozd\u00edl\u016f je nezbytn\u00e9 pro v\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace v textiln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu a pro p\u00e9\u010di o textiln\u00ed v\u00fdrobky.  Ka\u017ed\u00fd typ vl\u00e1kna nab\u00edz\u00ed jedine\u010dnou kombinaci vlastnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ho p\u0159edur\u010duje k specifick\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vl\u00e1kna hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, bavlny a vlny se od sebe v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed jak sv\u00fdm vzhledem a vlastnostmi, tak i chemick\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm. Tato odli\u0161nost ur\u010duje jejich specifick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed v textiln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu a ovliv\u0148uje jejich odolnost, absorpci vlhkosti a dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vlastnosti. Pochopen\u00ed chemick\u00e9 struktury t\u011bchto vl\u00e1ken je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro pochopen\u00ed jejich jedine\u010dn\u00fdch charakteristik. Chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3033,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37912],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-126578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-textile-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=126578"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126578\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=126578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=126578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=126578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}