Z\u00e1hada \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9ho zbarven\u00ed pandy velk\u00e9 fascinuje lidi po stalet\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco na prvn\u00ed pohled se zd\u00e1, \u017ee jejich v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 barvy naopak upout\u00e1vaj\u00ed pozornost, opak je pravdou. Evoluce vybavila tyto jedine\u010dn\u00e9 medv\u011bdy srst\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jim slou\u017e\u00ed k n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, je\u017e jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvat a prosperovat v jejich specifick\u00e9m horsk\u00e9m bambusov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Dlouho se spekulovalo o d\u016fvodech tohoto zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho vzoru \u2013 n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se domn\u00edvali, \u017ee jde o druh varovn\u00e9ho zbarven\u00ed, jin\u00ed o p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se teplot\u011b. Av\u0161ak modern\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9 technologie a statistick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy, poodhalily, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00e9 d\u016fvody jsou mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo, a souvis\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b s kamufl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b s komunikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n
D\u0159\u00edve se o zbarven\u00ed pandy spekulovalo sp\u00ed\u0161e na z\u00e1klad\u011b pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e systematick\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch metod. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo se, \u017ee barva m\u016f\u017ee souviset s v\u00fdstrahou p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory, s vnitrodruhovou komunikac\u00ed nebo s termoregulac\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b zlom nastal s p\u0159\u00edchodem komplexn\u00edch studi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 analyzovaly barvy a jejich funkce na z\u00e1klad\u011b ekologick\u00fdch a behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch dat. Jedna z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch studi\u00ed, publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Behavioral Ecology v roce 2017 t\u00fdmem v\u011bdc\u016f z Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzity v Davisu a Kalifornsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzity v Long Beach, pou\u017eila digit\u00e1ln\u00ed obrazovou anal\u00fdzu a srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed metody k systematick\u00e9mu prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla pandy. V\u011bdci porovn\u00e1vali \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9 oblasti s barvami srsti jin\u00fdch medv\u011bdovit\u00fdch \u0161elem a tak\u00e9 s barvami jejich prost\u0159ed\u00ed. C\u00edlem bylo zjistit, jak\u00e9 v\u00fdhody barva pand\u011b p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. Rozd\u011blili t\u011blo pandy na segmenty a pro ka\u017ed\u00fd segment zkoumali potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed funkci, a\u0165 u\u017e \u0161lo o maskov\u00e1n\u00ed, termoregulaci nebo signalizaci. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup umo\u017enil odhalit, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 jedin\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za nevysv\u011btluje cel\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed, ale \u017ee jde o kombinaci faktor\u016f, s dominantn\u00edm d\u016frazem na maskov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Nejp\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9ho zbarven\u00ed pandy je kamufl\u00e1\u017e, a to velmi specifick\u00e1 a d\u016fmysln\u00e1. Panda velk\u00e1 \u017eije v horsk\u00fdch oblastech \u010c\u00edny, kde se st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed zasn\u011b\u017een\u00e9 zimy s m\u00edrn\u00fdmi l\u00e9ty, pln\u00fdmi zelen\u011b a st\u00edn\u016f. B\u00edl\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla pandy \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hlava, krk, b\u0159icho a z\u00e1\u010f \u2013 j\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed spl\u00fdvat se sn\u011bhem v zasn\u011b\u017een\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch nebo s jasnou oblohou, kdy\u017e je pozorov\u00e1na zdola. Naopak \u010dern\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u2013 jako jsou kon\u010detiny, ramena a o\u010dn\u00ed a u\u0161n\u00ed skvrny \u2013 se dokonale ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed ve st\u00ednech hust\u00e9ho bambusov\u00e9ho lesa, ve skalnat\u00fdch v\u00fdklenc\u00edch nebo proti tmav\u00fdm kmen\u016fm strom\u016f. Tato strategie je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako "disruptivn\u00ed zbarven\u00ed", kdy kontrastn\u00ed vzory naru\u0161uj\u00ed obrys t\u011bla zv\u00ed\u0159ete a zt\u011b\u017euj\u00ed pred\u00e1tor\u016fm nebo ko\u0159isti rozpoznat ho na pozad\u00ed s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi texturami a odst\u00edny. Pro pandu, kter\u00e1 se pohybuje pomalu a v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu tr\u00e1v\u00ed hled\u00e1n\u00edm a konzumac\u00ed bambusu, je schopnost z\u016fstat nen\u00e1padn\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, a to jak pro vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se dravc\u016fm, tak pro p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ko\u0159isti (a\u010dkoli panda je prim\u00e1rn\u011b b\u00fdlo\u017eravec, v minulosti se mohla setk\u00e1vat s velk\u00fdmi ko\u010dkovit\u00fdmi \u0161elmami jako levharti).<\/p>\n
Tabulka 1: Maskovac\u00ed Efektivita \u010cernob\u00edl\u00fdch Skvrn v R\u016fzn\u00e9m Prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n A\u010dkoli kamufl\u00e1\u017e se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem, hypot\u00e9za termoregulace, tedy regulace t\u011blesn\u00e9 teploty, se tak\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve zva\u017eovala. Teoreticky by \u010dern\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti srsti absorbovaly v\u00edce slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a pom\u00e1haly udr\u017eovat pandu v teple v chladn\u00e9m podneb\u00ed, zat\u00edmco b\u00edl\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti by odr\u00e1\u017eely slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a br\u00e1nily p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed v teplej\u0161\u00edm po\u010das\u00ed. Panda se vyskytuje v oblastech, kde se teploty zna\u010dn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku i dne. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, vzhledem k jejich pomal\u00e9mu metabolismu a diet\u011b, kter\u00e1 je chud\u00e1 na energii (bambus), pandy se sna\u017e\u00ed minimalizovat energetick\u00e9 v\u00fddaje. V\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu tr\u00e1v\u00ed v hust\u00fdch bambusov\u00fdch les\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou relativn\u011b chladn\u00e9 a stinn\u00e9, a \u010dasto se uchyluj\u00ed do \u00fakryt\u016f, aby se vyhnuly extr\u00e9mn\u00edm teplot\u00e1m. Nav\u00edc panda je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee se v hork\u00fdch dnech chlad\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee se protahuje na stinn\u00fdch m\u00edstech a v chladn\u00fdch dnech se schoul\u00ed do klub\u00ed\u010dka. Proto, i kdy\u017e termoregula\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti \u010dern\u00e9 a b\u00edl\u00e9 srsti mohou hr\u00e1t men\u0161\u00ed roli, nejsou prim\u00e1rn\u00edm hnac\u00edm faktorem pro celkov\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed pandy. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee adapta\u010dn\u00ed mechanismy na teplotu jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed ne\u017e prim\u00e1rn\u011b zalo\u017een\u00e9 na zbarven\u00ed srsti.<\/p>\n Tabulka 2: Vliv Pigmentace Srsti na Termoregulaci<\/strong><\/p>\n Dal\u0161\u00edm aspektem, kter\u00fd je \u010dasto zmi\u0148ov\u00e1n, je role zbarven\u00ed v soci\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikaci a signalizaci. A\u010dkoli pandy jsou obecn\u011b samot\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed se navz\u00e1jem rozpozn\u00e1vat, zejm\u00e9na b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 skvrny kolem o\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed pand\u011b charakteristick\u00fd "brejlat\u00fd" vzhled, mohou slou\u017eit k redukci osln\u011bn\u00ed od sn\u011bhu nebo jasn\u00e9ho slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla, podobn\u011b jako \u010dern\u00e9 barvy nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 sportovci pod o\u010dima. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak tyto skvrny zv\u00fdraz\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdraz obli\u010deje a mohou hr\u00e1t roli ve vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikaci mezi jedinci, pom\u00e1haj\u00ed rozpoznat identitu, n\u00e1ladu nebo \u00famysly druh\u00e9 pandy. \u010cern\u00e9 u\u0161i mohou pand\u011b pomoci vypadat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a hroziv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro odrazen\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch rival\u016f nebo pred\u00e1tor\u016f. Rovn\u011b\u017e \u010dern\u00e9 kon\u010detiny a ramena mohou vizu\u00e1ln\u011b zv\u011bt\u0161ovat siluetu zv\u00ed\u0159ete a signalizovat s\u00edlu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee pandy maj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b slab\u00fd zrak a spol\u00e9haj\u00ed se v\u00edce na \u010dich pro komunikaci (zanech\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pachov\u00fdch zna\u010dek), vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed sign\u00e1ly budou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b hr\u00e1t men\u0161\u00ed roli ne\u017e u soci\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n Tabulka 3: Funkce Specifick\u00fdch \u010cernob\u00edl\u00fdch Znak\u016f na T\u011ble Pandy<\/strong><\/p>\n Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 poznatky siln\u011b nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee neexistuje jedin\u00fd "skute\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fvod", ale sp\u00ed\u0161e komplexn\u00ed soubor evolu\u010dn\u00edch tlak\u016f, kter\u00e9 formovaly charakteristick\u00e9 \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed pandy. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, dominantn\u00ed teori\u00ed, podpo\u0159enou nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdzkumy, je multifunk\u010dn\u00ed kamufl\u00e1\u017e. Zbarven\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje pand\u011b efektivn\u011b spl\u00fdvat s r\u016fznorod\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm jej\u00edho p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho habitatu, kter\u00fd zahrnuje jak zasn\u011b\u017een\u00e9 lesy v zim\u011b, tak stinn\u00e9 bambusov\u00e9 hou\u0161tiny a skalnat\u00e9 v\u00fdchozy po zbytek roku. B\u00edl\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti pom\u00e1haj\u00ed splynout se sn\u011bhem a oblohou, zat\u00edmco \u010dern\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti se ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed ve st\u00ednech a v tmav\u00fdch prvc\u00edch lesa. Tato "du\u00e1ln\u00ed" maskovac\u00ed strategie je pro pomalu se pohybuj\u00edc\u00edho a na potravu neust\u00e1le se soust\u0159ed\u00edc\u00edho tvora, jako je panda, naprosto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1. Role termoregulace se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt minim\u00e1ln\u00ed a sp\u00ed\u0161e sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco vnitrodruhov\u00e1 komunikace prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm o\u010dn\u00edch a u\u0161n\u00edch skvrn m\u00e1 svou v\u00e1hu, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nen\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00edm hnac\u00edm motorem za celkov\u00fdm zbarven\u00edm. Celkov\u011b je panda \u017eiv\u00fdm d\u016fkazem mistrovsk\u00e9 adaptace, kdy i ta nejn\u00e1padn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed barva slou\u017e\u00ed jako nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159edek k p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n Zbarven\u00ed pandy velk\u00e9 tedy nen\u00ed v\u00fdsledkem n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho evolu\u010dn\u00edho rozmaru, n\u00fdbr\u017e pe\u010dliv\u011b vylad\u011bnou adaptac\u00ed na jej\u00ed specifick\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl a prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Je to fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad, jak slo\u017eit\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 a behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed faktory mohou formovat vzhled \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. Jejich ikonick\u00e9 \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9 pruhy jsou tak nejen esteticky podmaniv\u00e9, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed dokonalou evolu\u010dn\u00ed strategii, kter\u00e1 umo\u017enila t\u011bmto jedine\u010dn\u00fdm medv\u011bd\u016fm p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt a prosperovat v jejich n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch habitatech po miliony let. Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto mechanism\u016f n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 l\u00e9pe si uv\u011bdomit k\u0159ehkou rovnov\u00e1hu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho sv\u011bta a d\u016fle\u017eitost ochrany druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 se tak dokonale p\u0159izp\u016fsobily sv\u00e9mu okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Z\u00e1hada \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9ho zbarven\u00ed pandy velk\u00e9 fascinuje lidi po stalet\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco na prvn\u00ed pohled se zd\u00e1, \u017ee jejich v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 barvy naopak upout\u00e1vaj\u00ed pozornost, opak je pravdou. Evoluce vybavila tyto jedine\u010dn\u00e9 medv\u011bdy srst\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jim slou\u017e\u00ed k n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, je\u017e jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvat a prosperovat v jejich specifick\u00e9m horsk\u00e9m bambusov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Dlouho se spekulovalo o d\u016fvodech<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":84288,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39059],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-162038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chengdu-cs","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162038","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162038"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162038\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162038"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162038"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162038"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n\n
\n \nBarva Srsti<\/th>\n \u010c\u00e1st T\u011bla<\/th>\n Typ Prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/th>\n C\u00edl Maskov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/th>\n Popis Efektu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n B\u00edl\u00e1<\/td>\n Hlava, krk, b\u0159icho, z\u00e1\u010f<\/td>\n Sn\u00edh, jasn\u00e9 pozad\u00ed (obloha)<\/td>\n Pred\u00e1to\u0159i shora<\/td>\n Spl\u00fdv\u00e1 s b\u00edl\u00fdm sn\u011bhem nebo odrazem oblohy, zt\u011b\u017euje detekci.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u010cern\u00e1<\/td>\n Nohy, ramena, u\u0161i, o\u010di<\/td>\n St\u00edny, kmeny strom\u016f, sk\u00e1ly<\/td>\n Pred\u00e1to\u0159i zbl\u00edzka<\/td>\n Splynut\u00ed s tmav\u00fdmi prvky prost\u0159ed\u00ed, naru\u0161en\u00ed obrysu t\u011bla.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Kombinace<\/td>\n Cel\u00e9 t\u011blo<\/td>\n Rozmanit\u00e1 krajina (sn\u00edh\/les)<\/td>\n Komplexn\u00ed maskov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n Disruptivn\u00ed zbarven\u00ed, rozb\u00edj\u00ed siluetu zv\u00ed\u0159ete na pozad\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n 3. Termoregulace: M\u00e9n\u011b Pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd, Ale P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd Faktor<\/h3>\n
\n\n
\n \nBarva Srsti<\/th>\n Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed Vlastnost<\/th>\n Vliv na Termoregulaci<\/th>\n Relevantnost pro Pandu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n \u010cern\u00e1<\/td>\n Absorbuje sv\u011btlo\/teplo<\/td>\n Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty, udr\u017een\u00ed tepla<\/td>\n M\u00e9n\u011b kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1, pandy se pohybuj\u00ed v chladn\u00fdch a stinn\u00fdch bambusov\u00fdch les\u00edch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n B\u00edl\u00e1<\/td>\n Odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed sv\u011btlo\/teplo<\/td>\n Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed teploty, odvod tepla<\/td>\n M\u00e9n\u011b kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1, pandy se vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu slunci.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Celkov\u011b<\/td>\n Kombinovan\u00fd efekt<\/td>\n Mo\u017en\u00e1 drobn\u00e1 optimalizace<\/td>\n Sp\u00ed\u0161e sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed, behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed adaptace dominuj\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n 4. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed Komunikace a Varovn\u00e9 Sign\u00e1ly<\/h3>\n
\n\n
\n \nZnak na T\u011ble<\/th>\n Barva<\/th>\n Navrhovan\u00e1 Funkce<\/th>\n Popis Role<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n O\u010dn\u00ed skvrny<\/td>\n \u010cern\u00e1<\/td>\n Komunikace, redukce osln\u011bn\u00ed<\/td>\n Zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdrazu, rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed jedinc\u016f, ochrana p\u0159ed sluncem\/sn\u011bhem.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n U\u0161i<\/td>\n \u010cern\u00e1<\/td>\n Komunikace, zastra\u0161en\u00ed<\/td>\n Zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed hlavy, signalizace pozornosti nebo agresivity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Kon\u010detiny<\/td>\n \u010cern\u00e1<\/td>\n Kamufl\u00e1\u017e, vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost<\/td>\n Spl\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed se st\u00edny, optick\u00e9 zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bla.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n T\u011blo (hlavn\u00ed)<\/td>\n B\u00edl\u00e1\/\u010dern\u00e1<\/td>\n Kamufl\u00e1\u017e (disruptivn\u00ed)<\/td>\n Rozbit\u00ed obrysu t\u011bla pro splynut\u00ed s r\u016fznorod\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n 5. Synt\u00e9za D\u016fkaz\u016f a Dominantn\u00ed Teorie<\/h3>\n