{"id":113478,"date":"2017-05-23T12:12:17","date_gmt":"2017-05-23T04:12:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/how-silk-is-made\/"},"modified":"2025-01-12T18:14:06","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:14:06","slug":"how-silk-is-made","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/tr\/how-silk-is-made\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130pek B\u00f6ce\u011finden \u0130pe\u011fe: \u00dcretim S\u0131rr\u0131 ve S\u00fcreci"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130pek, y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r l\u00fcks ve zarafetin sembol\u00fc olmu\u015f, e\u015fsiz bir do\u011fal elyaft\u0131r.  Bu ince ve parlak ipli\u011fin nas\u0131l \u00fcretildi\u011fini anlamak, do\u011fan\u0131n harikalar\u0131ndan birine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmek gibidir.  \u0130pek \u00fcretiminin merkezinde ipek b\u00f6ce\u011fi, daha do\u011frusu <em>Bombyx mori<\/em> t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r.  Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yarat\u0131klar, insanl\u0131k tarihi boyunca en de\u011ferli kuma\u015flardan birinin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131nda hayati bir rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u0130pek B\u00f6ce\u011finin Ya\u015fam D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130pek \u00fcretimi, ipek b\u00f6ce\u011finin ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne s\u0131k\u0131ca ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.  Bu d\u00f6ng\u00fc, d\u00f6rt a\u015famadan olu\u015fur: yumurta, larva (t\u0131rt\u0131l), pupa (koza) ve yeti\u015fkin (kelebek). Di\u015fi ipek b\u00f6ce\u011fi, binlerce k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, oval \u015fekilli yumurta b\u0131rak\u0131r. Bu yumurtalar, uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem ko\u015fullar\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 10-14 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde \u00e7atlar ve larvalar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Dut Yapra\u011f\u0131yla Beslenme ve Koza Olu\u015fumu<\/h3>\n<p>Larvalar, dut yapraklar\u0131yla beslenerek h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcrler.  Bu d\u00f6nemde, s\u00fcrekli olarak dut yapra\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcketerek v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 10.000 kat art\u0131r\u0131rlar.  Yakla\u015f\u0131k 30-40 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren bu beslenme d\u00f6neminin ard\u0131ndan, larva koza \u00f6rmeye haz\u0131r hale gelir.  Bu a\u015famada, larva a\u011f\u0131z bezlerinden salg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ipek proteinini kullanarak kendisine bir koza \u00f6rer.  Bu koza, ipek ipli\u011finin ham maddesidir. Koza, tek bir iplikten olu\u015fmaz; binlerce ince ipli\u011fin birle\u015fmesinden meydana gelir.  Bu ipliklerin uzunlu\u011fu, genellikle 300-900 metre aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Kozalar\u0131n Hasad\u0131 ve \u0130pek \u0130pli\u011finin Elde Edilmesi<\/h3>\n<p>Kozalar, ipek b\u00f6ce\u011fi pupan\u0131n i\u00e7indeyken hasat edilir.  Hasat edilen kozalar, kaynar suya veya buhara maruz b\u0131rak\u0131larak pupa \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve ipek iplikleri birbirinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r.  Bu i\u015flem, ipek ipli\u011finin daha kolay i\u015flenmesini sa\u011flar.  \u0130pek ipliklerinin birbirine ba\u011flanmas\u0131yla daha kal\u0131n bir iplik elde edilir. Bu i\u015flem,  PandaSilk gibi firmalar taraf\u0131ndan hassas bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir ve ipe\u011fin kalitesi bu a\u015famada belirlenir.  Kozalar\u0131n kaynat\u0131lma s\u00fcresi ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ipek ipli\u011finin kalitesi \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan etkilidir.<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u0130pek \u0130pli\u011finin \u0130\u015flenmesi ve Kuma\u015f Olu\u015fumu<\/h3>\n<p>Elde edilen ipek iplikleri, daha sonra \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015flemlerden ge\u00e7irilir.  Bu i\u015flemler aras\u0131nda, ipliklerin y\u0131kanmas\u0131, kurutulmas\u0131 ve b\u00fck\u00fclmesi yer al\u0131r.  \u0130\u015flem sonunda elde edilen ipek iplikleri, dokuma tezgahlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131larak farkl\u0131 dokulara sahip ipek kuma\u015flar \u00fcretilir.  \u0130pek kuma\u015flar\u0131n kalitesi, ipek ipliklerinin kalitesi, dokuma tekni\u011fi ve kullan\u0131lan boyalar gibi fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0130\u015flem Ad\u0131m\u0131<\/th>\n<th>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Koza Hasad\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f kozalar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kaynatma<\/td>\n<td>Pupalar\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve ipek ipliklerinin ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Y\u0131kama ve Kurutma<\/td>\n<td>\u0130pek ipliklerinin temizlenmesi ve kurutulmas\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B\u00fckme<\/td>\n<td>\u0130pliklerin mukavemetinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dokuma<\/td>\n<td>\u0130pek ipliklerinin kuma\u015f haline getirilmesi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0130pek \u00fcretimi, zahmetli ve incelikli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir.  Ancak, sonu\u00e7ta elde edilen l\u00fcks ve zarif ipek kuma\u015f, bu eme\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fazlas\u0131yla vermektedir.  \u0130pek b\u00f6ce\u011finin ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnden, ipek ipli\u011finin i\u015flenmesine kadar her a\u015famada dikkat ve \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmesi, y\u00fcksek kaliteli ipek kuma\u015flar\u0131n \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in olmazsa olmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130pek, y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r l\u00fcks ve zarafetin sembol\u00fc olmu\u015f, e\u015fsiz bir do\u011fal elyaft\u0131r. Bu ince ve parlak ipli\u011fin nas\u0131l \u00fcretildi\u011fini anlamak, do\u011fan\u0131n harikalar\u0131ndan birine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmek gibidir. \u0130pek \u00fcretiminin merkezinde ipek b\u00f6ce\u011fi, daha do\u011frusu Bombyx mori t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yarat\u0131klar, insanl\u0131k tarihi boyunca en de\u011ferli kuma\u015flardan birinin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131nda hayati bir rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1. \u0130pek B\u00f6ce\u011finin Ya\u015fam<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9494,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37752],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-113478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-tr","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113478","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=113478"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113478\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=113478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=113478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=113478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}