{"id":107537,"date":"2023-04-27T03:09:34","date_gmt":"2023-04-27T10:09:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/how-is-raw-silk-fabric-made\/"},"modified":"2025-01-12T14:21:07","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T22:21:07","slug":"how-is-raw-silk-fabric-made","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/how-is-raw-silk-fabric-made\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ea3i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m th\u00f4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, sang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng phu.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a th\u00f4 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con t\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Nu\u00f4i T\u1eb1m v\u00e0 Thu Ho\u1ea1ch K\u00e9n<\/h3>\n<p>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m. T\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i trong nh\u1eefng khay tre ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e1 d\u00e2u t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.  Vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1eb1m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. Sau kho\u1ea3ng 30 ng\u00e0y, t\u1eb1m s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u00e9n. K\u00e9n t\u1eb1m c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ng\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t.  K\u00e9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 k\u00e9n ch\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh.  Sau khi t\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, k\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch.  Vi\u1ec7c thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng k\u00e9n.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Lu\u1ed9c K\u00e9n v\u00e0 T\u1ea9y S\u1ee3i<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi thu ho\u1ea1ch, k\u00e9n t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m l\u1edbp keo sericin bao quanh s\u1ee3i t\u01a1.  Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian lu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee3i t\u01a1. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u01a1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi k\u00e9n.  Sau khi lu\u1ed9c, k\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea9y s\u1ee3i.  T\u1ea9y s\u1ee3i gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1edbp keo sericin, l\u00e0m cho s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00f3ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t.  Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea9y s\u1ee3i hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Quay S\u1ee3i v\u00e0 D\u1ec7t V\u1ea3i<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1ee3i t\u01a1 sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quay th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng tay ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.  Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u00f3ng \u00e1nh cao h\u01a1n.  Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.  Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quay s\u1ee3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.  Sau khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9, c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.  V\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t tr\u00ean khung d\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1ec7t tay ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec7t m\u00e1y.  D\u1ec7t tay th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hoa v\u0103n c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.  D\u1ec7t m\u00e1y cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng hoa v\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>4.  Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n V\u1ea3i<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi d\u1ec7t, v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a th\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i.  C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:  l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng, nhu\u1ed9m, in hoa v\u0103n, v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.  Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i.  V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 may \u00e1o d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng, trong khi v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 may kh\u0103n cho\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i.  M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty, nh\u01b0 PandaSilk, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/th>\n<th>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<th>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/th>\n<th>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<th>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m<\/td>\n<td>Nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 d\u00e2u, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1 t\u1ea1o k\u00e9n.<\/td>\n<td>Nu\u00f4i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nu\u00f4i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<td>T\u01a1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao (nu\u00f4i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng)<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c (nu\u00f4i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lu\u1ed9c k\u00e9n &amp; T\u1ea9y s\u1ee3i<\/td>\n<td>Lu\u1ed9c k\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t nh\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch l\u1edbp keo sericin.<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c<\/td>\n<td>L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch t\u01a1, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00f3ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng t\u01a1 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Quay s\u1ee3i &amp; D\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i<\/td>\n<td>Quay s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 th\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9, d\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh v\u1ea3i.<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c<\/td>\n<td>V\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao (th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng)<\/td>\n<td>S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p (th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u1ea3i<\/td>\n<td>L\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng, nhu\u1ed9m, in, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/td>\n<td>Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td>\n<td>T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a th\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n.  T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m, thu ho\u1ea1ch k\u00e9n, \u0111\u1ebfn quay s\u1ee3i, d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.  S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa kinh nghi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ng\u00e0nh d\u1ec7t l\u1ee5a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, sang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng phu. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a th\u00f4 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con t\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 kinh<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":101359,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37730],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faqs-vi","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107537"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107537\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/101359"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}