{"id":107641,"date":"2023-04-26T03:29:16","date_gmt":"2023-04-26T10:29:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/what-insect-makes-silk\/"},"modified":"2025-01-12T14:29:05","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T22:29:05","slug":"what-insect-makes-silk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/what-insect-makes-silk\/","title":{"rendered":"Lo\u00e0i C\u00f4n Tr\u00f9ng N\u00e0o D\u1ec7t N\u00ean Nh\u1eefng S\u1ee3i T\u01a1 T\u1eb1m Tuy\u1ec7t M\u1ef9?"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00f3ng \u00e1nh v\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ng\u00e0nh d\u1ec7t may tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p tinh t\u1ebf \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9: con t\u1eb1m. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra lo\u1ea1i t\u01a1 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

1. Con t\u1eb1m: Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n

Con t\u1eb1m (Bombyx mori) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 Lepidoptera, h\u1ecd Bombycidae. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam kh\u00e1c, t\u1eb1m nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u1eadp t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean hoang d\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. T\u1eb1m c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh thon d\u00e0i, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ng\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1ea3i qua tr\u1ee9ng, s\u00e2u, nh\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbm. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00e2u non l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, khi ch\u00fang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0103n l\u00e1 d\u00e2u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1.<\/p>\n

2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o t\u01a1 c\u1ee7a con t\u1eb1m<\/h3>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o t\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Khi s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 fibroin. Fibroin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp protein kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sericin, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 k\u00e9p. S\u00e2u t\u1eb1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 n\u00e0y, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c quay th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i k\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ed9ng. K\u00e9n t\u1eb1m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p t\u01a1 ch\u00ednh cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t may.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0102n l\u00e1 d\u00e2u<\/td>\nS\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u0103n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e1 d\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o t\u01a1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ti\u1ebft fibroin<\/td>\nS\u00e2u t\u1eb1m ti\u1ebft ra fibroin v\u00e0 sericin, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i t\u01a1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Qu\u1ea5n k\u00e9n<\/td>\nS\u00e2u t\u1eb1m quay s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i k\u00e9n h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nh\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nS\u00e2u t\u1eb1m bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong k\u00e9n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3. Thu ho\u1ea1ch t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

Sau khi s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o k\u00e9n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd thu ho\u1ea1ch k\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y t\u01a1. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lu\u1ed9c k\u00e9n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp sericin, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i t\u01a1. T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c se l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ea3i. V\u1ea3i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, b\u00f3ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m h\u00fat t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 may m\u1eb7c, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 kh\u0103n qu\u00e0ng c\u1ed5, ch\u0103n, ga g\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 trong y t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e2u ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 PandaSilk \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1eddi trang cao c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

4. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m<\/h3>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1eb1m nh\u00e0 (Bombyx mori) l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i t\u1eb1m kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1, tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 lai t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eb1m m\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Con t\u1eb1m, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o t\u01a1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh d\u1ec7t may tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, sang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y tinh t\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00f3ng \u00e1nh v\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ng\u00e0nh d\u1ec7t may tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p tinh t\u1ebf \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89725,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37755],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-vi","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107641"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107641\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}