{"id":107857,"date":"2023-04-23T20:16:18","date_gmt":"2023-04-24T03:16:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/where-does-silk-come-from-and-how-is-it-made\/"},"modified":"2025-01-12T14:30:05","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T22:30:05","slug":"where-does-silk-come-from-and-how-is-it-made","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/where-does-silk-come-from-and-how-is-it-made\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01a1 T\u1eb1m: Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c, Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t V\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00f3ng \u00e1nh v\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 xa hoa v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m.<\/p>\n

1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m: Con t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 c\u00e2y d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m<\/h3>\n

T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m (Bombyx mori), m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Bombycidae. S\u00e2u t\u1eb1m l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0103n l\u00e1 d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m (Morus alba) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e1 d\u00e2u gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p protein c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra t\u01a1. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 c\u00e2y d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eb1m, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e1 d\u00e2u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 d\u00e2u t\u01b0\u01a1i ngon, gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 d\u00e0i, \u00f3ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m: T\u1eeb tr\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee3i t\u01a1<\/h3>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

2.1. Nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m:<\/h4>\n

Tr\u1ee9ng t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5p n\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m nh\u1ecf. S\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i trong c\u00e1c khay ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e1 d\u00e2u t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 25-30 ng\u00e0y, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m tr\u1ea3i qua 4 l\u1ea7n l\u1ed9t x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

2.2. Nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1:<\/h4>\n

Sau khi \u0103n \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e1 d\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o k\u00e9n. K\u00e9n t\u1eb1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 300 \u0111\u1ebfn 900 m\u00e9t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 3-4 ng\u00e0y. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a k\u00e9n t\u1eb1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eb1m, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ng\u00e0, v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eadm.<\/p>\n

2.3. Thu ho\u1ea1ch k\u00e9n:<\/h4>\n

Khi s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1 v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m y\u00ean trong k\u00e9n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd thu ho\u1ea1ch k\u00e9n. Vi\u1ec7c thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng k\u00e9n. K\u00e9n sau khi thu ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em \u0111i x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i t\u01a1.<\/p>\n

2.4. X\u1eed l\u00fd k\u00e9n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i:<\/h4>\n

K\u00e9n t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1ed9ng t\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m l\u1edbp keo sericin bao b\u1ecdc s\u1ee3i t\u01a1. Sau \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o ra t\u1eeb k\u00e9n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. Nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xo\u1eafn l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n mong mu\u1ed1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee3i t\u01a1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 PandaSilk, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

3. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eb1m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m: t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m tr\u1eafng, t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m v\u00e0ng, t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m th\u00f4, t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m d\u1ec7t… T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb may m\u1eb7c, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u0103n ga g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec7m cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m<\/th>\n\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m tr\u1eafng<\/td>\nM\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00f3ng \u00e1nh, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng tinh khi\u1ebft<\/td>\nMay m\u1eb7c, \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00f3t, kh\u0103n qu\u00e0ng c\u1ed5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m v\u00e0ng<\/td>\nC\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00f3ng \u00e1nh<\/td>\nMay m\u1eb7c, \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi trang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m th\u00f4<\/td>\nGi\u1eef nguy\u00ean l\u1edbp sericin, t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00f4 h\u01a1n<\/td>\nMay m\u1eb7c, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 PandaSilk \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00f3ng \u00e1nh v\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 xa hoa v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9514,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37755],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-vi","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107857"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107857\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}