{"id":107865,"date":"2023-04-23T16:22:48","date_gmt":"2023-04-23T23:22:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/how-did-ancient-china-make-silk\/"},"modified":"2025-01-12T14:20:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T22:20:58","slug":"how-did-ancient-china-make-silk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/how-did-ancient-china-make-silk\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01a1 L\u1ee5a Trung Hoa C\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1i: Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t V\u00e0 B\u00ed Quy\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m xa x\u1ec9 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.  S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n<h3>1. Nu\u00f4i T\u1eb1m: Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>Nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eb1m d\u00e2u, l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m l\u00e0 l\u00e1 d\u00e2u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.  Vi\u1ec7c thu ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e1 d\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho t\u1eb1m.  M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 cao.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Thu ho\u1ea1ch K\u00e9n v\u00e0 Lu\u1ed9c T\u1eb1m<\/h3>\n<p>Khi t\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1 t\u1ea1o k\u00e9n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd thu ho\u1ea1ch k\u00e9n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1.  K\u00e9n t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong. Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong k\u00e9n.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 ra kh\u1ecfi k\u00e9n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian lu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n<h3>3. T\u1ea9y S\u1ee3i v\u00e0 Xo\u1eafn T\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi lu\u1ed9c, k\u00e9n t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y s\u1ee3i.  Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 ra kh\u1ecfi k\u00e9n.  Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y s\u1ee3i t\u01a1.  Nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 m\u1ecfng manh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 d\u00e0y h\u01a1n, ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ec7t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn t\u01a1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng tay ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4 s\u01a1, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n ch\u1ec9 t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h3>4. D\u1ec7t V\u1ea3i v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/h3>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n t\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn khung d\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1ea3i.  K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ec7t t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau.  T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i th\u00f4 d\u00f9ng cho qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a cao c\u1ea5p d\u00f9ng cho ho\u00e0ng gia, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 d\u1ec7t. Sau khi d\u1ec7t xong, v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.  C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhu\u1ed9m c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 tinh x\u1ea3o, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb9p.  M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a cao c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00eau, d\u1ec7t kim ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00ednh k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/th>\n<th>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<th>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1eb1m, cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9c \u0103n (l\u00e1 d\u00e2u), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m.<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e1 d\u00e2u, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, kinh nghi\u1ec7m nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Thu ho\u1ea1ch k\u00e9n<\/td>\n<td>Thu ho\u1ea1ch k\u00e9n t\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thu ho\u1ea1ch, tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i k\u00e9n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lu\u1ed9c t\u1eb1m<\/td>\n<td>Lu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea5p k\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1ed9ng, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00e1ch s\u1ee3i.<\/td>\n<td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian lu\u1ed9c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u1ea9y s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 xo\u1eafn<\/td>\n<td>T\u00e1ch s\u1ee3i t\u01a1, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee3i th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ee3i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<td>D\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ea3i, nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (th\u00eau, d\u1ec7t kim\u2026).<\/td>\n<td>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ec7t, thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.  S\u1ef1 b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i n\u00e0y, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.  Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m xa x\u1ec9 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5838,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37730],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faqs-vi","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107865"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107865\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5838"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}