{"id":108577,"date":"2023-04-15T11:39:46","date_gmt":"2023-04-15T18:39:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/what-is-silk-fabric-made-of\/"},"modified":"2025-01-12T14:29:21","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T22:29:21","slug":"what-is-silk-fabric-made-of","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/what-is-silk-fabric-made-of\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ea3i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m: Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00f3ng \u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sang tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m.  Nh\u01b0ng t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ra sao? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m: Con t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i t\u1eb1m d\u00e2u (Bombyx mori).  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, chuy\u00ean \u0103n l\u00e1 d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o t\u01a1 di\u1ec5n ra khi con t\u1eb1m b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ed9ng.  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00f3a nh\u1ed9ng, t\u1eb1m ti\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 fibroin, t\u1eeb tuy\u1ebfn t\u01a1 n\u1eb1m trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.  Fibroin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp protein kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sericin, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.  Con t\u1eb1m s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean k\u00e9n, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1ed9ng.  K\u00e9n t\u1eb1m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m: Fibroin v\u00e0 Sericin<\/h3>\n<p>T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb hai lo\u1ea1i protein ch\u00ednh: fibroin v\u00e0 sericin.  Fibroin chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 70-80% tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u01a1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng.  Sericin, chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i fibroin l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Sericin c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i t\u01a1.  C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a fibroin t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\n<th>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 (%)<\/th>\n<th>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Fibroin<\/td>\n<td>70-80<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sericin<\/td>\n<td>20-30<\/td>\n<td>K\u1ebft d\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a: T\u1eeb k\u00e9n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea3i<\/h3>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.  \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, k\u00e9n t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1ed9ng.  Sau \u0111\u00f3, k\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m l\u1edbp sericin, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 ra kh\u1ecfi nhau.  C\u00e1c s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9n l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9n ch\u1ec9 t\u01a1.  Nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xo\u1eafn l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.  C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch d\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.  V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u1ee5a satin c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng cao nh\u1edd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i t\u01a1.<\/p>\n<h3>4. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a<\/h3>\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.  T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 theo ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m hoang d\u00e3, t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m nu\u00f4i), theo m\u00e0u s\u1eafc (t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m tr\u1eafng, t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m m\u00e0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean), hay theo ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m th\u00f4, t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m tinh ch\u1ebf).  T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00f3ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n.  PandaSilk, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a cao c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: V\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a, m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u2013 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb con t\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao.  Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00f3ng \u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sang tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m. Nh\u01b0ng t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ra sao? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5465,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37730],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-108577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faqs-vi","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=108577"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108577\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=108577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=108577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=108577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}