{"id":109153,"date":"2023-04-08T23:17:03","date_gmt":"2023-04-09T06:17:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/what-is-the-source-of-silk\/"},"modified":"2025-01-12T14:29:35","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T22:29:35","slug":"what-is-the-source-of-silk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/what-is-the-source-of-silk\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m: Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00f3ng \u1ea3 v\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 xa hoa v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?  C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u01b0ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng: s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m.<\/p>\n<h3>1. S\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u2013 Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m<\/h3>\n<p>S\u00e2u t\u1eb1m (Bombyx mori) l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Bombycidae, b\u1ed9 Lepidoptera. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf d\u1ea1ng hoang d\u00e3.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 lan r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.  S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam kh\u00e1c n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ee9c \u0103n hay x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u00e9n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m<\/h3>\n<p>T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u01a1 n\u1eb1m trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m.  Khi s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 fibroin,  c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t cao.  Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp protein kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sericin, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i fibroin k\u1ebft d\u00ednh l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. S\u00e2u t\u1eb1m d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean chi\u1ebfc k\u00e9n, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh b\u01b0\u1edbm.  Chi\u1ebfc k\u00e9n n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/th>\n<th>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Tr\u1ee9ng<\/td>\n<td>S\u00e2u t\u1eb1m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb tr\u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5p n\u1edf trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng<\/td>\n<td>S\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u0103n l\u00e1 d\u00e2u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.  Ch\u00fang tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u1ed9t x\u00e1c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nh\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<td>S\u00e2u t\u1eb1m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o k\u00e9n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebft ra t\u01a1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B\u01b0\u1edbm<\/td>\n<td>B\u01b0\u1edbm t\u1eb1m chui ra kh\u1ecfi k\u00e9n, giao ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi m\u1edbi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>3. Thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o k\u00e9n, k\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch.  \u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee3i t\u01a1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u1ed9c k\u00e9n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u00f2a tan sericin, gi\u00fap t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o ra.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i t\u01a1.  Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o ra, c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xo\u1eafn l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9,  \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau.  Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn.  C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n.  V\u00ed d\u1ee5, PandaSilk n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m cao c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>4. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau.  C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn.  M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m tr\u1eafng, t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m v\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m th\u00f4.  M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng phu, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, sang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a PandaSilk.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00f3ng \u1ea3 v\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 xa hoa v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u01b0ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng: s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m. 1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5568,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37730],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-109153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faqs-vi","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109153"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109153\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5568"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=109153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=109153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}