{"id":109529,"date":"2023-04-04T07:11:37","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T14:11:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/how-do-worms-make-silk\/"},"modified":"2025-01-12T14:21:01","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T22:21:01","slug":"how-do-worms-make-silk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/how-do-worms-make-silk\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u00ed \u1ea9n: S\u1ee3i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Giun t\u01a1, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eb1m, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u201cl\u00e0m\u201d t\u01a1 theo ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee3i t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb tuy\u1ebfn t\u01a1 b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con giun. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch giun t\u01a1 t\u1ea1o ra lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3>1. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o tuy\u1ebfn t\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>Tuy\u1ebfn t\u01a1 c\u1ee7a giun t\u01a1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda cu\u1ed1i b\u1ee5ng, g\u1ed3m hai tuy\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ti\u1ebft ra hai lo\u1ea1i fibroin kh\u00e1c nhau: fibroin n\u1eb7ng (H-fibroin) v\u00e0 fibroin nh\u1eb9 (L-fibroin).  Hai lo\u1ea1i fibroin n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein keo d\u00ednh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sericin, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch t\u01a1 l\u1ecfng.  Sericin \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i fibroin l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cho s\u1ee3i t\u01a1.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\n<th>T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 (%)<\/th>\n<th>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Fibroin n\u1eb7ng (H-fibroin)<\/td>\n<td>70-80<\/td>\n<td>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i t\u01a1, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fibroin nh\u1eb9 (L-fibroin)<\/td>\n<td>20-30<\/td>\n<td>Cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng cho s\u1ee3i t\u01a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sericin<\/td>\n<td>10-20<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng cho s\u1ee3i t\u01a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u1ee3i t\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>Dung d\u1ecbch t\u01a1 l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft ra t\u1eeb hai tuy\u1ebfn t\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u1edf l\u1ed7 phun t\u01a1.  T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 pH v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t l\u00e0m cho dung d\u1ecbch t\u01a1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n.  Giun t\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng fibroin v\u00e0 sericin ti\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n<h3>3.  S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh k\u00e9n t\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn, giun t\u01a1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o k\u00e9n.  Ch\u00fang xoay ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ti\u1ebft ra s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea5n quanh m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp k\u00e9n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.  K\u00e9n t\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 giun t\u01a1 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00f3a nh\u1ed9ng.  H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a k\u00e9n t\u01a1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng giun t\u01a1.  Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u01a1, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a giun t\u01a1 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi giun t\u01a1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o k\u00e9n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd thu ho\u1ea1ch k\u00e9n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u01a1.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c lu\u1ed9c k\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf sericin, l\u00e0m cho s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 t\u00e1ch ra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.  Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o ra, xo\u1eafn l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 th\u00f4.  T\u01a1 th\u00f4 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ea3i, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m cao c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb PandaSilk n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o t\u01a1 c\u1ee7a giun t\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tinh t\u1ebf.  T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn t\u01a1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 giun t\u01a1, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t may tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.  Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Giun t\u01a1, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eb1m, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u201cl\u00e0m\u201d t\u01a1 theo ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee3i t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb tuy\u1ebfn t\u01a1 b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con giun. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89725,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37730],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-109529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faqs-vi","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109529","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109529"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109529\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=109529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=109529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}