{"id":111529,"date":"2021-07-26T07:40:02","date_gmt":"2021-07-26T14:40:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/overview-of-silk-fibroin\/"},"modified":"2025-01-12T14:26:21","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T22:26:21","slug":"overview-of-silk-fibroin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/overview-of-silk-fibroin\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a fibroin t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m fibroin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m (Bombyx mori) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i t\u01a1.  N\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, b\u00f3ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m nay.  Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a fibroin l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 y sinh.<\/p>\n<h3>1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a fibroin<\/h3>\n<p>Fibroin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t protein s\u1ee3i g\u1ed3m hai chu\u1ed7i polypeptide ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c van der Waals.  Chu\u1ed7i polypeptide n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c amino acid glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), v\u00e0 serine (Ser), v\u1edbi Gly chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao nh\u1ea5t (kho\u1ea3ng 45%).  S\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c amino acid n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u03b2-sheet \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a fibroin.  C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i polypeptide.  Ngo\u00e0i Gly, Ala, v\u00e0 Ser, fibroin c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c amino acid kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tyrosine (Tyr), valine (Val), v\u00e0 aspartic acid (Asp).  S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c amino acid n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i t\u01a1.<\/p>\n<h3>2. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a fibroin<\/h3>\n<p>Fibroin s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.  N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.  \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a fibroin cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u00f4ng hay len.  T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a fibroin c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc cao, \u00edt g\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc.  T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho fibroin tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y sinh.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/th>\n<th>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\/M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/td>\n<td>Cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ed1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/td>\n<td>Cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc<\/td>\n<td>Cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m kh\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ed1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a fibroin<\/h3>\n<p>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a fibroin r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb d\u1ec7t may truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao.  Trong ng\u00e0nh d\u1ec7t may, fibroin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a cao c\u1ea5p, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, b\u00f3ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao.  C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb l\u1ee5a t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, nh\u01b0 kh\u0103n cho\u00e0ng, \u00e1o s\u01a1 mi, hay v\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.  Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, fibroin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c khung \u0111\u1ee1 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u00f4.  Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc cao c\u1ee7a fibroin gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u1ec1n s\u1eb9o.  M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 PandaSilk, \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng fibroin trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c da v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p.  Ngo\u00e0i ra, fibroin c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bao g\u00f3i sinh h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3>4.  Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf fibroin<\/h3>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t fibroin b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thu ho\u1ea1ch k\u00e9n t\u1eb1m.  Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c k\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf sericin, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein bao ph\u1ee7 fibroin.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch s\u1ee3i fibroin v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t cho s\u1ee3i.  Fibroin tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau.  C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd fibroin bao g\u1ed3m h\u00f2a tan trong dung d\u1ecbch h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra dung d\u1ecbch fibroin, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e0ng, s\u1ee3i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:  Fibroin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t.  S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a fibroin m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb d\u1ec7t may truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.  Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn fibroin s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m fibroin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m (Bombyx mori) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i t\u01a1. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, b\u00f3ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m nay. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89658,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37755],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-vi","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111529","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111529"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111529\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}