{"id":111761,"date":"2021-07-24T19:11:34","date_gmt":"2021-07-25T02:11:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/silkworm-spinning-and-cocoon\/"},"modified":"2025-01-12T14:27:31","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T22:27:31","slug":"silkworm-spinning-and-cocoon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/silkworm-spinning-and-cocoon\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh k\u00e9n"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o k\u00e9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con s\u00e2u nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, ch\u00fang ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ec7t may sang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb l\u00fac s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u0103n l\u00e1 d\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u00e9n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

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  1. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0103n l\u00e1 d\u00e2u<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    S\u00e2u t\u1eb1m (Bombyx mori) tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: tr\u1ee9ng, s\u00e2u non, nh\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbm. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00e2u non l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1. Sau khi n\u1edf t\u1eeb tr\u1ee9ng, s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0103n l\u00e1 d\u00e2u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang \u0103n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong v\u00f2ng 25-30 ng\u00e0y. Kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u1ee7a s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1. L\u00e1 d\u00e2u t\u01b0\u01a1i, s\u1ea1ch, gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra t\u01a1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01a1 k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o k\u00e9n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Khi s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u00fang ng\u1eebng \u0103n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o k\u00e9n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1. S\u00e2u t\u1eb1m ti\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng d\u1ea1ng keo t\u1eeb tuy\u1ebfn t\u01a1, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i t\u01a1. S\u00e2u t\u1eb1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai tuy\u1ebfn t\u01a1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1o ra hai s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft d\u00ednh l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t keo g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sericin. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m xoay tr\u00f2n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u01a1 bao quanh m\u00ecnh, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean k\u00e9n. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u00e9n r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a k\u00e9n t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01a1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        K\u00e9n t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed9t k\u00e9n t\u1eb1m trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb 300 \u0111\u1ebfn 1500 m\u00e9t t\u01a1. T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m bao g\u1ed3m hai lo\u1ea1i protein ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 fibroin v\u00e0 sericin. Fibroin t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i t\u01a1, trong khi sericin \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i t\u01a1, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i cho k\u00e9n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\nT\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 (%)<\/th>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        Fibroin<\/td>\n70-80<\/td>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i t\u01a1, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Sericin<\/td>\n20-30<\/td>\nCh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i t\u01a1, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          \n
        1. Thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u00e9n t\u1eb1m<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Sau khi s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o k\u00e9n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thu ho\u1ea1ch k\u00e9n. K\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbm t\u1eb1m n\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1. K\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf sericin v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 tinh khi\u1ebft. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m lu\u1ed9c k\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i t\u01a1, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ea3i. V\u1ea3i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, b\u00f3ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m h\u00fat t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m cao c\u1ea5p, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a PandaSilk, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng kinh t\u1ebf<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t may, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 v\u1ea3i, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, kh\u0103n cho\u00e0ng, ch\u0103n, ga g\u1ed1i\u2026 Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong y t\u1ebf, l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u may v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e2u ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt\u2026 Ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

            K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e2u t\u1eb1m nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o k\u00e9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            T\u01a1 t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o k\u00e9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con s\u00e2u nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, ch\u00fang ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":75812,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37755],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-vi","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111761","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111761"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111761\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/75812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111761"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111761"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}