{"id":111849,"date":"2021-07-24T09:29:11","date_gmt":"2021-07-24T16:29:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/mutation-of-silkworm\/"},"modified":"2025-01-12T14:26:08","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T22:26:08","slug":"mutation-of-silkworm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/mutation-of-silkworm\/","title":{"rendered":"Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb gen \u1edf t\u1eb1m: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eb1m t\u01a1, lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t may to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc.  S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n, hay \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, \u1edf t\u1eb1m t\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.  B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u1edf t\u1eb1m t\u01a1.<\/p>\n<h3>1. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u1edf t\u1eb1m t\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u1edf t\u1eb1m t\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn.  C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m, bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e0u s\u1eafc k\u00e9n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gen. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a k\u00e9n, t\u1eeb m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111en.  M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i t\u01a1, l\u00e0m cho t\u01a1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3:<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3.  V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n, l\u1eb7p \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m t\u01a1.  Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o:<\/strong>  B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m mong mu\u1ed1n \u1edf t\u1eb1m t\u01a1.  C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tia ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen CRISPR-Cas9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn trong ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eb1m t\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eb1m t\u01a1 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng.  C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 lai t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eb1m c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ec7nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.  V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u1eb1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 cao h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eb1m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao.<\/p>\n<h3>3.  \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i.  M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.  V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ec7t may cao c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 \u00e1o kho\u00e1c, kh\u0103n cho\u00e0ng.  Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u01a1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00f2n, d\u1ec5 g\u00e3y ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng.  Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eb1m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra lo\u1ea1i t\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a PandaSilk.<\/p>\n<h3>4.  \u0110\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh<\/h3>\n<p>T\u1eb1m t\u01a1 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh do vi khu\u1ea9n, virus v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y ra.  Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eb1m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf.  C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m t\u01a1.  Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eb1m kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\n<th>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1<\/th>\n<th>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen A<\/td>\n<td>T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n<\/td>\n<td>Gi\u1ea3m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen B<\/td>\n<td>T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng<\/td>\n<td>T\u0103ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 C<\/td>\n<td>Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:  Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u1edf t\u1eb1m t\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1.  Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eb1m t\u01a1 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ec7nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eb1m t\u01a1, lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t may to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n, hay \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, \u1edf t\u1eb1m t\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89461,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37755],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-vi","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111849","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111849"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111849\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89461"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111849"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}