{"id":111857,"date":"2021-07-24T09:22:07","date_gmt":"2021-07-24T16:22:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/silkworm-material-metabolism\/"},"modified":"2025-01-12T14:27:30","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T22:27:30","slug":"silkworm-material-metabolism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/silkworm-material-metabolism\/","title":{"rendered":"Chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eb1m l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n<p>T\u1eb1m \u0103n l\u00e1 d\u00e2u l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a l\u00e1 d\u00e2u di\u1ec5n ra trong \u1ed1ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng, th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n, di\u1ec1u, d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y gi\u1eefa, ru\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 h\u1eadu m\u00f4n.  Enzyme amylase, protease v\u00e0 cellulase \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft ra t\u1eeb tuy\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt v\u00e0 d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i tinh b\u1ed9t, protein v\u00e0 cellulose trong l\u00e1 d\u00e2u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 glucose, axit amin v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n.  Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e1 d\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.  T\u1eb1m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, do \u0111\u00f3, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9n.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a protein v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u01a1 s\u1ee3i<\/h3>\n<p>Protein t\u1eeb l\u00e1 d\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i protein c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u1eb1m, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 fibroin v\u00e0 sericin \u2013 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf tuy\u1ebfn t\u01a1, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u1eb1m.  C\u00e1c axit amin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn t\u01a1, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i polypeptide c\u1ee7a fibroin.  Sericin, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein kh\u00e1c, bao b\u1ecdc quanh s\u1ee3i fibroin, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i t\u01a1.  <\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\n<th>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Fibroin<\/td>\n<td>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i t\u01a1<\/td>\n<td>Axit amin t\u1eeb l\u00e1 d\u00e2u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sericin<\/td>\n<td>Protein bao b\u1ecdc, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i t\u01a1<\/td>\n<td>Axit amin t\u1eeb l\u00e1 d\u00e2u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>3. Chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a lipid v\u00e0 carbohydrate<\/h3>\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh protein, lipid v\u00e0 carbohydrate c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m. Lipid \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.  Carbohydrate, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 glucose t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i tinh b\u1ed9t trong l\u00e1 d\u00e2u, cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u01a1.  S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ba nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m.  Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1.<\/p>\n<h3>4.  \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u00fap enzyme ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u01a1.  \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m qu\u00e1 cao ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho t\u1eb1m trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.  \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chu k\u1ef3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m.  Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m.  V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m c\u1ee7a PandaSilk \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1.<\/p>\n<h3>5.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh k\u00e9n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u1eb1m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m k\u00e9n.  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eb1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean k\u00e9n t\u01a1.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn fibroin v\u00e0 sericin t\u1eeb tuy\u1ebfn t\u01a1, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 xung quanh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u1eb1m. Sau khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh k\u00e9n, t\u1eb1m tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1ed9ng, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh b\u01b0\u1edbm.  Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ti\u00eau hao m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 tinh vi, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.  Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eb1m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u01a1, s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi trong c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eb1m l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01a1 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m. 1. Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89459,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37755],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sericulture-vi","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111857"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111857\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89459"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}