{"id":115993,"date":"2016-12-18T18:54:50","date_gmt":"2016-12-18T10:54:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/famous-travelers-on-the-silk-road\/"},"modified":"2025-01-12T14:20:34","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T22:20:34","slug":"famous-travelers-on-the-silk-road","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/famous-travelers-on-the-silk-road\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng B\u00f3ng H\u00ecnh Ki\u1ec7t T\u00e1c Tr\u00ean Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 L\u1ee5a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a, m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i giao thoa c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t.  H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m qua, bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec3m qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h3>1.  Marco Polo: Nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00dd<\/h3>\n<p>Marco Polo, nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a.  H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 24 n\u0103m (1271-1295), tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Venice \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn kinh th\u00e0nh H\u00e1n (nay l\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh) th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean.  Nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, phong t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a xa x\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 l\u1ee5a, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, gia v\u1ecb,\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc sau n\u00e0y.  S\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed3n vinh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u1ed5n th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00f4i th\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.  Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Marco Polo \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Xuanzang:  Nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>Xuanzang, nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh gian kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.  H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00e2y s\u1ed1, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua sa m\u1ea1c, n\u00fai non hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi v\u00f4 v\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m.  Sau 17 n\u0103m, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng kinh s\u00e1ch kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c.  Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a Xuanzang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ecdc theo Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Ibn Battuta:  Nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o<\/h3>\n<p>Ibn Battuta, nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maroc, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t 30 n\u0103m (1325-1354), \u0111i qua h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a.  \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 Damascus, Baghdad, Delhi, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c \u1edf Trung \u00c1.  Nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin qu\u00fd b\u00e1u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14.  \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee5a \u2013 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi l\u1ee5a PandaSilk cao c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h3>4.  Nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 danh<\/h3>\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 danh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n ho\u00e1 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y.  H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<th>Qu\u1ed1c gia<\/th>\n<th>Th\u1eddi gian<\/th>\n<th>Ghi ch\u00fa<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Marco Polo<\/td>\n<td>\u00dd<\/td>\n<td>1271-1295<\/td>\n<td>Ghi ch\u00e9p chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Xuanzang<\/td>\n<td>Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7<\/td>\n<td>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ibn Battuta<\/td>\n<td>Maroc<\/td>\n<td>1325-1354<\/td>\n<td>H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t.  Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc qu\u00fd b\u00e1u v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n ho\u00e1.  Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho ch\u00fang ta cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a, m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i giao thoa c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m qua, bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":48757,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37480],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-vi","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=115993"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115993\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48757"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=115993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=115993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=115993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}