{"id":144094,"date":"2025-01-29T14:13:49","date_gmt":"2025-01-29T22:13:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/exploring-the-neuroscience-of-sleep-and-dreams\/"},"modified":"2025-01-29T15:40:04","modified_gmt":"2025-01-29T23:40:04","slug":"exploring-the-neuroscience-of-sleep-and-dreams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/exploring-the-neuroscience-of-sleep-and-dreams\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p chi ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o b\u1ed9, nh\u1ecbp sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed3 (EEG), c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh: gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng REM (Rapid Eye Movement) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 REM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7<\/th>\nHo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 (EEG)<\/th>\n\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 (N1)<\/td>\nS\u00f3ng theta (4-7 Hz), s\u00f3ng alpha ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i<\/td>\nGi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 n\u00f4ng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ee9c sang ng\u1ee7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 (N2)<\/td>\nS\u00f3ng theta, s\u00f3ng sleep spindle v\u00e0 K-complex<\/td>\nGi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, \u00edt b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t, ti\u1ebft hormone t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3 v\u00e0 4 (N3)<\/td>\nS\u00f3ng delta (0.5-4 Hz)<\/td>\nGi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c<\/td>\nPh\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 REM<\/td>\nS\u00f3ng beta (13-30 Hz), t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ee9c<\/td>\nM\u1eaft chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u00ea li\u1ec7t, m\u01a1 nhi\u1ec1u<\/td>\nC\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1<\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t-t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (activation-synthesis):<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n REM. N\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 phi logic.<\/li>\n
  • Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin (information processing):<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong ng\u00e0y. Trong gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac.<\/li>\n
  • Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng (simulation theory):<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    S\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1<\/p>\n

    Nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> \u0102n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n n\u1eb7ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ngon.<\/li>\n
    • R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7:<\/strong> M\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, ng\u1ee7 ng\u00e1y, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u01b0ng th\u1edf khi ng\u1ee7\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1.<\/li>\n
    • Thu\u1ed1c men:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
    • C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u:<\/strong> C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1<\/p>\n

      Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n quan tr\u1ecdng, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u01b0ng th\u1edf khi ng\u1ee7.<\/li>\n
      • Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u1ea7n kinh:<\/strong> Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh Alzheimer, Parkinson.<\/li>\n
      • N\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 REM trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":141136,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37655],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-144094","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sleeping-vi","prodpage-classic"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144094","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=144094"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144094\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/141136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=144094"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=144094"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pandasilk.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=144094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}